FORMATION EVALUATION

LETHOLOGY
GA

Ameer Hassan Jawad

Mohammed Dakhel Mohammed
Hussain Sameer Ghafel
Mortaza Muhalhal Ehmood
LETHOLOGY
• Determining the type of rock is very important because from
the quality of the rocks, we choose the type of hoof, the type
of labeling, and the completion.
• GR,SP is used to determine the type of lithology.

• Porosity consists of the density log, which determines the

density in the rock formation.
• sonic where we determine the porosity by the speed of the
wave transmission also depends on the density.
• Neutron depends on identifying hydrogen atoms in the fluid
in the rock and gives a direct reading of the porosity. It gives
low readings in rocks of high density that are not wetted by
reservoir fluids
• Cross plot is the best method for calculating
lithology.

• It relies on 3 models to find the lithology;

• 1_ neutron_ sonic .
• 2_ neutron_ density.
• 3_sonic_ density.
 NEUTRON-DENSITY

• The neutron density crossplot is provided for clean fully liquid-saturated

formations and holes
• filled with water or water based mud. As water-filled porosity increases,
three different locations could be
• traced out for differing travel times and matrix densities for the three
principal matrices. A
• considerable confusion in the ascribed lithology caused by a little uncertainty
in the measured pair
• (sonic-bulk density cross-plot) means the contrast between the matrix
endpoints is not a great deal. In
• In addition, depending on the type of sonic transform used, there is a large
difference as well. The
• Following Figure illustrating the neutron-density cross plot, the separation
between sandstone,
• limestone and dolomite lines indicate good resolution for these lithologies.
• Schlumberger created a set of graphs:

Top sandstone

Middle limestone

Last dolomite

According to the results that appear, I know the

type of lithology
M-N PLOT
. TERNARY POROSITY MODEL
• Connect 3 devices together density, sonic ,neutron.

• Dol, Lm, Anh triangle.

• Qtz quartz zone _ sandstone.
• Gas_ gas area.
• Secondary porosity _ that is mean in This area there
are fractures.
• The lower arae is the shale zone
• Majority of points located on limestone line.
• With a high percentage of sandstone.
• As for the shale, its percentage is very small.
• Majority of points located between
limestone lime and dolomite lime

• The presence of a large percentage of

sandstone and limestone points
• Majority of points located at Qtz zone which
mean it is a sandstone zone.
• No gypsum .
• No shale.
• Secondary porosity _the area has freactures.