UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

SCIENCES
MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY-II
SHT-721
Topic –
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
UID – 22MSC10080
DEPARTMENT- MSC CHEMISTRY
SECTION- “A”
SUBMITTED TO - Dr. Akhil Saxena

SUBMITTED BY- MITALI VERMA DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

HISTORY OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Raman spectroscopy was named after Sir

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (7 November
1888 – 21 November 1970), an Indian physicist
born in the former Madras Province in India,
who carried out ground-breaking work in the
field of light scattering, which earned him the
1930 Nobel Prize for Physics.
INTRODUCTION

Raman spectroscopy deals with thev scattering of light .

Homonuclear diatomic molecules such as H2, N2 ETC don’t show IR Spectra.
They do show raman spectra.
There will be a change in the induced dipole moment at the vibrational
frequency.
All the modes are either IR active or Raman active.
PRINCIPLE OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
• Rayleigh scattering : it was found that the frequency of the scattered light was
same as the frequency of the incident radiation.
• In 1923csnmeked predicted that a substances on irradiation of monochromatic
light , the scattered light contain radiation with different frequencies thet the
frequency of incident light.
• In 1928 , sir C V Raman discovered that when a beam of monochromatic light
irradiated on a substance , the scaterred light contain some additional
frequencies over an above thet of incident frequencies.
• The scattered lines by Raman effect are known as raman lines .
• The emmitted radiation is of three types
1) Stokes lines
2) Antistokes lines
3) Rayleigh scattering
• The lines having wavelengths greater than that of the incident are known as
stokes lines .
• Lines with the shorter wavelength are known as Anti-stokes’s lines.
• Lines having same wavelength to that of incident is known as rayleigh scaterring .
CHARACTERISTICK PROPERTIES OF RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
• The intensity of stokes’s lines is always greater than the corrosponding anti-stokes
lines.
• Raman shift generally lies within the far and near infrared region of the spectrum.
• Raman lines are symmetrically displaced about the parent lines . When the
temperture rises their individual spectrum from the parent lines decreases .
Instrumentation
Sample illumination system
• Liquid sample :
A major advantages of sample handling in raman spectroscopy compared with
infrared arises because water is a weak raman scattered but a strong absorber of
infrared radiation . Thus aqueous solution can be studied by raman spectroscopy
but not by infrared .
This advantages is particularly important for biological and inorganic system and
in studies dealing with water pollution problems .
• Solid sample :
• Raman spectra of solid sample are often acquired by filling a small cavity with
the sample after it has been ground to a fine powder . Polymers can usually be
examined directly with no sample pretreatment.
• Gas sample :
• Gas are normally contain in a glass tubes <11-2 cm in diameter and about 1mm
thick . Gases can also be sealed in small capillary tubes .
Raman spectra

• Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique typically used to

determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and
other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed.
Advantages of raman spectroscopy
Disadvantages of raman spectroscopy
 THANK YOU

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