FUNCTIONS

Concept of a function
 Injective function
• Injective function - one-to-one function from
set X to set Y such that each x in set X is
related to a different y in set Y.
• f :X → Y is 1-1 provided f(x1) = f(x2) implies x1
= x2
• If f:R → R is given by f(x) = 3x + 7, prove it is
one-to-one.
• Why is f:R → R given by f(x) = x2 not 1-1?
 Surjective function
• A function f:X → Y is said to be surjective or
onto if for every y in Y, there is an x in set X such
that f(x) = y.
• A function is onto when its image equals its
range, i.e. f(X) = Y.
• Show that f:R → R given by f(x) = 5x - 7 is
onto/surjective.
 Bijective function

• A bijective function is both injective and

surjective (one to one and onto)
• Must have an inverse
• Investigate whether the function f(x) = 3x – 4
is bijective under real numbers.
 Sum and product of functions
• Given that f(x) = x – 2 and g(x) = x2 + 3x,
• a) (f+g)(x)=f(x) + g(x): This is the sum of the
functions
• b) g(x)*f(x): This is the product of the
functions
• c) g(x) – 3f(x): Subtraction and scalar
multiplication
 Inverse and composite functions
• (fOg)(x): Composite function
• f(x)-1 : Inverse of a function
 Exercises on functions
• Investigate whether the function f(x) = 3x – 4 is bijective under real numbers.

• Given that f(x) = 3x – 2 and g(x) = x2 + x, find

• a) f(x) + g(x)

• b) g(x) – 3f(x)

• c) (fOg)(x)

• e) f(x)-1