INDUSTRIAL
MATHEMATICS – 2
(2 SKS)
TIP – FTP – UB
MATERI PERKULIAHAN
• Function
• Function Graphs
• Limit
• Kontinuitas
• Differential
• Differential Application
• Integral
• Integral Application
BEFORE MID LECTURES
• Function = 1 MEETING
• Function Graphs = 2 MEETINGS
• Limit = 2 MEETINGS
• Kontinuitas = 1 MEETING
• Quiz = 1 MEETING
TOTAL = 7 MEETINGS
UTS
SCORE AND RULES
• Your final score will be from IAD (50%) and WGR (50%)
• IAD score elements :
- Quiz = 20%
- Group Task = 30%
- Middle Exam = 50%
• Rules :
- 15 minutes tolerance of lateness
- all devices : silent please kindly out of the
class if it’s important
- You may drinking
- You’ll get 0 score if you tried anything to cheat
FUNCTION
INDUSTRIAL MATHEMATICS - 2
WHAT IS FUNCTION ?
• Imagine : playing golf, putting a golfball into the hole.
x f y
f : x y / y=f(x)
• A function is transforming an input x into an output y = f(x).
f : x y / y=f(x)
y=f(x)=x2
WHAT IS FUNCTION ?
• (Try) Which of the following equations is a function ?
(a) y = 1 – x2
(b) y = − 𝑥 4 Functions are rules,
1
(c) y = 𝑥 2 but not all rules are functions.
• Function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of
permissible outputs, with a property that each input is related
to exactly one output.
• Function is a mapping or equivalent rule which connected each
object in a sets (domain), with a unique value of f(x) from
another sets (range/codomain).
DOMAIN, CODOMAIN, RANGE
• If f mapped or related x A to y B, it is :
- said that y is a map from x
- written as f : x y or y = f(x)
• Sets y B which is map from x A is called range or result
area.
f (a) = 1 range R = {1, 2, 3, 4]
f (b) = 2
f (c) = 3
f (d) = 4
DOMAIN, CODOMAIN, RANGE
• Domain = all the input numbers x that a function can process.
• Co-domain = all the numbers in the sets y.
• Range = complete collection of numbers y that correspond to
the numbers is the domain.
• y = 1 − 𝑥 2 domain is -1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , range is 0 ≤ y ≤ 1
• y = x3 , IF domain is -2 ≤ x ≤ 3 THEN range is -8 ≤ y ≤ 27
EXAMPLES
• Define the domain and range for these equations :
(a) y = x3 +1, untuk -2 ≤ x < 3
(b) y = x4
1
(c) y =
(𝑥−1)
• Let’s say f : R R with f(x-1) = x2 + 5x, define :
(a) f(x)
(b) f(-3)
OPERATIONS OF FUNCTION
• Operations of function can be a sum, substract, multiply, or
divide with the rules are :
4
• Example : If F(x) = 𝑥 + 1 and G(x) = 9 − 𝑥 2
define : a. (F+G)(x) b. (F-G)(x) c. (F.G)(x) d. (F/G)(x)
COMPOSITE FUNCTION
• Function composition is the combining operations of two functions
sequentially resulting to another function (composite function).
• Function composition is the application of one function to the results
of another.
y=f(x) z=g(y)/z=g(f(x)) mapping of x A to z C
is a composition of f and g
written (g o f)(x) = g(f(x))
COMPOSITE FUNCTION
• Composite function is always associative or not commutative.
means f o g ≠ g o f
• Example :
f : R R and g : R R
f(x) = 3x – 1 and g(x) = 2x2 + 5
Define : a. (g o f)(x) and b. (f o g)(x) !
a. (g o f)(x)=g(f(x)) = g(3x – 1)
= 2(3x – 1)2 + 5
= 2(9x2 – 6x + 1) + 5
= 18x2 – 12x + 2 + 5
= 18x2 – 12x + 7
b. (f o g)(x) = …..??
COMPOSITE FUNCTION
• How to define a function from a known function composition ?
• Example :
Given f(x) = 3x – 1 and (f o g)(x) = x2 + 5, define g(x) !
Answer :
(f o g)(x) = x2 + 5
f(g(x)) = x2 + 5
3.g(x) – 1 = x2 + 5
3.g(x) = x2 + 6
g(x) = 1/3(x2 + 6)
Try Given g(x) = 2x2 + 2 and (g o f)(x) = x – 3 , define f(x) !
INVERSE FUNCTION
• Invers function is a function that undoes another function : If an input x into the
function f produces an output y, then putting y into the function g produces the
output x g is an invers function.
If, f : A B = f : {(a,b,c,1,2,3)|a,b,c A and 1,2,3 B}
Then f-1 : B A = f : {(1,2,3,a,b,c)|1,2,3 B and a,b,c A}
• A function f that has an inverse is called invertible; denoted by f-1.
f : x y or y = f(x)
f-1 : y x or x = f-1(y) y = f-1(x)
INVERSE FUNCTION
• Inverse Function, another explanation.
INVERSE FUNCTION
• Example : Determine the inverse function from function f(x) = 2x – 6
y = f(x) = 2x – 6
y = 2x – 6
2x = y + 6
x = ½(y + 6)
So, x = f-1(y) = ½ (y + 6) f-1(x) = ½ (x + 6)
• Now determine the inverses from this function !! :
3𝑥 −4
𝑓 𝑥 =
2𝑥−1
COMPOSITION AND INVERSE
FUNCTION
• How is the function is a combination of composition and invers
function ?
Function composition Invers function (reverse way)
h = (g o f) h-1 = f-1 o g-1
(g o f)-1 = f-1 o g-1
• Example :
If f : R R and g : R R determined by function f(x) = x + 3 and
g(x) = 5x – 2 , define (f o g)-1(x) !!
COMPOSITION AND INVERSE
FUNCTION
• Example :
If f : R R and g : R R determined by function f(x) = x + 3 and
g(x) = 5x – 2 , define (f o g)-1(x) !!
Solution 1 = Find (f o g)(x) first, then define (f o g)-1(x)
(f o g)(x) = f(g(x)) = (5x – 2) + 3
y = 5x + 1
5x =y–1
x = 1/5(y – 1) = 1/5y – 1/5
So, (f o g)-1(x) = 1/5x – 1/5
COMPOSITION AND INVERSE
FUNCTION
• Example :
If f : R R and g : R R determined by function f(x) = x + 3 and g(x) =
5x – 2 , define (f o g)-1(x) !!
Solution 2 = Find f-1(x) and g-1(x) first,
then use (f o g)-1(x) = (g-1 o f-1)(x)
f (x) = x + 3 g (x) = 5x – 2
y=x+3 y = 5x – 2 (f o g)-1(x) = (g-1 o f-1)(x)
x=y–3 x = 1/5 y + 2/5 = g-1(f-1(x))
f-1(x) = x – 3 g-1(x) = 1/5 x + 2/5
= 1/5(x – 3) + 2/5
= 1/5x – 3/5 + 2/5 = 1/5x – 1/5
TIP APPLICATION
TRY
3𝑥+5
1. If f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = , determine (g o f)-1(x) !
𝑥 −4
𝑥+4
2. If f(x) = and g(x) = 2x – 1 , determine (fog)-1(x) !
𝑥 −6
2𝑥 −5 1
3. If 𝑓 𝑥 = ,𝑥 ≠ − , find f-1(1) !
3𝑥+1 3
4. f(x) = 2x – 3 , f-1(-1) = …..
4
5. If f(x) = and (f o g)(x) = 2x – 1 , find g(x) !
𝑥−2
4 2.𝑓(𝑥)
6. If f(x) = 2x – 1 for –2 < x < 4 and g(x) = for 3 < x < 5 , find the domain and range of !
𝑥−2 𝑔(𝑥)
7. If f(x+2) = 2x3 – 4x + 3, find f(x)
THANK YOU
INDUSTRIAL MATHEMATICS -2
