托福阅读事实信息题1 0

托福阅读
—— 事实信息题
阅读简介
 3-4
 60m-80m
 700+
 12-14
 30
阅读十大题型
事实信息题 (According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?)

否定事实信息题（ Not/Except)
推断题 (infer/imply)
修辞目的题 (why…mention/include the information)
句子简化题 ( 阴影部分的句子）
句子插入题（■）
指代题 (it/they)
词汇题 (closest in meaning to)
文章总结题（表格题）
托福阅读考察能力
词汇句子检索推理总结
词汇题句子简化题事实信息题推断题文章总结题

指代题句子插入题否定事实信息题修辞目的题表格题
Course Review
1 ）区分事实和观点
2 ）区分句子中的重要与次要信息
3 ）题干特征
4 ）解题策略
Factual Information Questions 特征：
1)These questions ask you to identify factual information

that is explicitly stated in the passage
2)They ask you to identify specific information that is

typically mentioned only in part of the passage
摘自 OG P20


摘自 OG P20

答案在原文中会相对直接出现

摘自 OG P20


摘自 OG P20


识别部分信息即可做出
摘自 OG P20
提问方式：
1 ） According to paragraph 5, what did a study of children in Hong Kong show about the use of
celebrities in advertisements aimed at children ？
有明确提问方向的提问模式
提问方式：
2 ） According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements about steam engines is true?
无明确提问方向的提问模式
提问方式：
2 ） According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements about steam engines is true?
无明确提问方向的提问模式
According to 常出现
提问对象都是细节
答案在原文中直接出现
Regarding the appearance of celebrities in advertisements that do not involve host selling, the
evidence is mixed. Researcher Charles Atkin found that children believe that the characters
used to advertise breakfast cereals are knowledgeable about cereals, and children accept such
characters as credible sources of nutritional information. This finding was even more marked
for heavy viewers of television. In addition, children feel validated in their choice of a product
when a celebrity endorses that product. A study of children in Hong Kong, however, found that
the presence of celebrities in advertisements could negatively affect the children’s perceptions
of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in question.
According to paragraph 5, what did a study of children in Hong Kong show about the use of
celebrities in advertisements aimed at children?
A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television.
B. It has little effect if the celebrities are not familiar to most children.
C. It is more effective in marketing cereals and food products than in marketing other kinds
of products.
D. It can have a negative effect if the celebrities are not popular with children.
问题 1 ）如何在大段的内容中，搜索出有效信息？
答：定位
答：定位
问题 2 ）什么样的词才是定位词？
of products.
of products.
定位词特征：
好认：大写字母，数字，不容易被替换
好找：出现次数少
A study of children in Hong Kong, however, found that the presence of celebrities in advertisements could
negatively affect the children’s perceptions of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in question.
According to paragraph 5, what did a study of children in Hong Kong show about the use of celebrities in
advertisements aimed at children?
C. It is more effective in marketing cereals and food products than in marketing other kinds of products.
negatively affect the children’s perceptions of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in
question.
question.
A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television. （缺少证据支撑，且过于绝对）

question.

B. It has little effect if the celebrities are not familiar to most children. （与原文冲突）
question.

（涉及了原文没有的比较信息）
question.

（涉及了原文没有的比较信息）
D. It can have a negative effect if the celebrities are not popular with children. （改写合理）
做题路径： KW1 （题干） == 》 KW2 （原文） == 》 KW3 （选项）
1 ）由题干选取定位词，明确提问的对象
2 ）利用定位词到原文中定位相关的内容，提取问题中的相关内容，
2 ）利用定位词到原文中定位相关的内容，提取问题中的相关信息
3 ）用提取出的信息，与选项逐一对比，排除，选出正确答案
2 ）利用定位词到原文中定位相关的内容，提取问题中的相关信息
3 ）用提取出的信息，与选项逐一对比，排除，选出正确答案
定位词特征：
1 ）不容易被替换掉
2 ）出现次数尽可能少些
托福阅读
题型后测
Preschools—educational programs for children under the age of five—differ significantly from one
country to another according to the views that different societies hold regarding the purpose of early
childhood education. For instance, in a cross-country comparison of preschools in China, Japan, and the
United States, researchers found that parents in the three countries view the purpose of preschools very
differently. Whereas parents in China tend to see preschools primarily as a way of giving children a
good start academically, Japanese parents view them primarily as a way of giving children the
opportunity to be members of a group. In the United States, in comparison, parents regard the primary
purpose of preschools as making children more independent and self-reliant, although obtaining a good
academic
start and having group experience are also important.
According to paragraph 1, parents in Japan tend to think of preschool primarily as a place where
children can
A. Get a good academic start
B. Expand their emotional development
C. Become more independent
D. Experience being part of a group
academic
children can
academic
children can
academic
children can
academic
children can
academic
children can
托福阅读
题型陷阱 1
The chief problem was technological: How were the Europeans to reach the East? Europe's maritime tradition had
developed in the context of easily navigable seas—the Mediterranean, the Baltic, and. to a lesser extent, the North
Sea between England and the Continent—not of vast oceans. New types of ships were needed, new methods of
finding one's way, new techniques for financing so vast a scheme. The sheer scale of the investment it took to
begin commercial expansion at sea reflects the immensity of the profits that such East-West trade could create.
Spices were the most sought-after commodities. Spices not only dramatically improved the taste of the European
diet but also were used to manufacture perfumes and certain medicines. But even high-priced commodities like
spices had to be transported in large bulk in order to justify the expense and trouble of sailing around the African
continent all the way to India and China.
According to paragraph 2 what was the main difficulty Europeans had to overcome in order to
develop a new way of trading with the East?
A. Europeans were unwilling to invest in large-scale commercial ventures
B. Europeans lacked the means for navigating long distances across oceans
C. Europeans were unwilling to experiment with new business techniques
D. Europeans lacked knowledge about the commercial methods of other peoples
. TPO 17 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia

陷阱 1 ：无法找到有效关键词去定位，或者定位词模糊
应对方法：找出定位词的同意替换


托福阅读
题型陷阱 2
By 1800 more than a thousand steam engines were in use in the British Isles, and Britain
retained a virtual monopoly on steam engine production until the 1830s. Steam power did not merely spin cotton and
roll iron; early in the new century it also multiplied ten times over the amount of paper that a single worker could
produce in a day. At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it
possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty. Steam also promised to eliminate a transportation
problem not fully solved by either canal boats or turnpikes ． Boats could carry heavy weights, but canals could not
cross hilly terrain; turnpikes could cross the hills, but the roadbeds could not stand up under great weights. These
problems needed still another solution, and the ingredients for it lay close at hand. In some industrial regions, heavily
laden wagons, with flanged wheels, were being hauled by horses along metal rails; and the stationary steam engine was
puffing in the factory and mine ． Another generation passed; before Inventors succeeded in combining these
ingredients by putting the engine on wheels and the wheels on the rails, so as to provide a machine to take the place of
the horse. Thus the railroad age sprang from what had already happened in the eighteenth century.
According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements about steam engines is true?
A. They were used for the production of paper but not for printing
B. By 1800, significant numbers of them were produced outside of Britain
C. They were used in factories before they were used to power trains
D. They were used in the construction of canals and turnpikes
laden wagons, with flanged wheels, were being hauled by horses along metal rails; and the stationary steam engine
was puffing in the factory and mine ． Another generation passed; before Inventors succeeded in combining these
题型陷阱 2 ： which is true 提问模式，且无法找到关键词的情况
应对策略：排除法
在选项中找到关键词进行定位，逐一验证选项正确与否
错误选项类型：
1 ）证据不足：即原文中并未出现相关内容，
2 ）选项中内容与原文冲突
2 ）选项中内容与原文冲突
3 ）答非所问：即选项内容与提问对象无关
有没有
对不对
是不是
A. They were used for the production of paper but not for printing （与原文冲突）
B. By 1800, significant numbers of them were produced outside of Britain （与原文冲突）
C. They were used in factories before they were used to power trains （改写合理）
C. They were used in factories before they were used to power trains （改写合理）
D. They were used in the construction of canals and turnpikes （原文未提及 construction ）
托福阅读
雕虫小技
技巧 1 ：组队排除
先读选项，选项两两配对，组队验证
需要记住选项的核心词（高度概括选项内容的词或者短
语）
The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be utilitarian,
burial, trade-collectors’, or even ritual objects, according to their quality and the era in which they were
made. The ceramics fall into three broad types—earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain—for vessels,
architectural items such as roof tiles, and modeled objects and figures. In addition, there was an important
group of sculptures made for religious use, the majority of which were produced in earthenware.
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?

A. The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty.
B. The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects.
C. There was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics over time.
D. Some religious sculptures were made using the earthenware type of ceramics
TPO 10 Chinese Pottery


A. The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty.


A. The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty. （与原文冲突）


（未提及比较）


C. There was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics over time. （与原文冲突）


C. There was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics over time. （与原文冲突）
D. Some religious sculptures were made using the earthenware type of ceramics （合理改写）
技巧：读选项过程中，锁定故意相反信息
若选项中某两个选项截然相反，互相冲突，那么，
很可能正确选项就是两者之一
Paleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic
alterations associated with slow changes in the positions of continents and seas resulting from plate
tectonics. Off and on throughout the Cretaceous (the last period of the Mesozoic era, during which
dinosaurs flourished), large shallow seas covered extensive areas of the continents. Data from diverse
sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late
Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold. The
summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably
buffered the temperature of the nearby air, keeping it relatively constant.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate?
A. Summers were very warm and winters were very cold.

B. Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature changes.
C. The climate was very similar to today’s climate.
D. The climate did not change dramatically from season to season
A. Summers were very warm and winters were very cold. （与 D 相反）
D. The climate did not change dramatically from season to season （与 A 相反）
真相只有一个
A. Summers were very warm and winters were very cold. （与原文信息相反）
D. The climate did not change dramatically from season to season （正确信息）
托福阅读
强化练习
The problem in shipping extended to the Arsenale, Venice’s huge and powerful shipyard. Timber ran short,
and it was necessary to procure it from farther and farther away. In ancient Roman times, the Italian
peninsula had great forest of fir preferred for warships, but scarcity was apparent as early as the early
fourteenth century. Arsenale officers first brought timber from the foothills of the Alps, then from north
toward Trieste, and finally from across the Adriatic. Private shipbuilders were required to buy their oak
abroad. As the costs of shipbuilding rose, Venice clung to its outdated standard while the Dutch were
innovation in the lighter and more easily handled ships.
According to paragraphs 3, why did the building of ships in Venetian shipyards become increasingly
expensive?
A. The wages of officers and workers in the Arsenale kept rising

B. Roman shipyards were using all the available fir trees for the warships
C. The timber used in the shipbuilding had to be brought from farther and farther away
D. Venetian standards required that shipbuilders use top-quality materials.
expensive?

expensive?

The problem in shipping extended to the Arsenale, Venice’s huge and powerful shipyard. Timber ran
short, and it was necessary to procure it from farther and farther away. In ancient Roman times, the
Italian peninsula had great forest of fir preferred for warships, but scarcity was apparent as early as the
early fourteenth century. Arsenale officers first brought timber from the foothills of the Alps, then from
north toward Trieste, and finally from across the Adriatic. Private shipbuilders were required to buy their
oak abroad. As the costs of shipbuilding rose, Venice clung to its outdated standard while the Dutch were
expensive?

The problem in shipping extended to the Arsenale, Venice’s huge and powerful shipyard. Timber ran
short, and it was necessary to procure it from farther and farther away. In ancient Roman times, the
Italian peninsula had great forest of fir preferred for warships, but scarcity was apparent as early as the
early fourteenth century. Arsenale officers first brought timber from the foothills of the Alps, then from
north toward Trieste, and finally from across the Adriatic. Private shipbuilders were required to buy their
oak abroad. As the costs of shipbuilding rose, Venice clung to its outdated standard while the Dutch were
expensive?

The surface of Mars shows a wide range of geologic features, including huge volcanoes-the
largest known in the solar system-and extensive impact cratering. Three very large volcanoes are
found on the Tharsis bulge, an enormous geologic area near Mars’s equator. Northwest of
Tharsis is the largest volcano of all: Olympus Mons, with a height of 25 kilometers and
measuring some 700 kilometers in diameter at its base. The three large volcanoes on the Tharsis
bulge are a little smaller-a “mere” 18 kilometers high.
According to paragraph 1, Olympus Mons differs from volcanoes on the Tharsis bulge in that
Olympus Mons
A. has more complex geologic features
B. shows less impact cratering
C. is taller
D. was formed at a later time
Olympus Mons
C. is taller
Olympus Mons
C. is taller
Olympus Mons
C. is taller
Olympus Mons
C. is taller
Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typically results in the loss
of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the loose
soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a
surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly reduced;
consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of
the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation,
so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.
According to paragraph 3, the loss of natural vegetation has which of the following
consequences for soil?
A. Increased stony content
B. Reduced water absorption
C. Increased numbers of spaces in the soil
D. Reduced water runoff
of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the loose
soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a
surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly reduced;
consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of
the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation,
so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.
of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the
loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and
producing a surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly
reduced; consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual
drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of
vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.
of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the
loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and
producing a surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly
reduced; consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual
drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of
vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.
Clues to right-handedness can also be found by other methods. Right-handers tend to
have longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as
long ago as 1911 noted the La Chapel le-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton had a right
upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left. Similar observations have
been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.
According to paragraph 3, the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton can be

identifiedas right-handed because
A. other Neanderthal skeletons found nearby are also right-handed

B. the right arm bone is stronger than the left
C. it is similar to skeletons of La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal
D. the right side of the skeleton shows less evidence of fractures








The shift from silent to sound film at the end of the 1920s marks, so far, is the most important
transformation in motion picture history. Despite all the highly visible technological developments in
theatrical and home delivery of the moving image that have occurred over the decades since then, no
single innovation has come close to being regarded as a similar kind of watershed. In nearly every
language, however the words are phrased, the most basic division in cinema history lies between
films that are mute and films that speak.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is the most significant development in the history
of film?
A. The technological innovation of sound film during the 1920s

B. The development of a technology for translating films into other languages
C. To argue that dams should not be built on the Euphrates River
D. The technological improvements allowing clearer images in films
of film?

of film?

of film?

of film?

of film?


托福阅读事实信息题1 0

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

托福阅读事实信息题1 0

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

托福阅读

事实信息题 (According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?)

词汇题 句子简化题 事实信息题 推断题 文章总结题

1)These questions ask you to identify factual information

2)They ask you to identify specific information that is

1)These questions ask you to identify factual information

2)They ask you to identify specific information that is

1)These questions ask you to identify factual information

2)They ask you to identify specific information that is

1)These questions ask you to identify factual information

2)They ask you to identify specific information that is

1)These questions ask you to identify factual information

2)They ask you to identify specific information that is

A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television.

A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television.

A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television.

A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television.

A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television.

A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television. （缺少证据支撑，且过于绝对）

A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television. （缺少证据支撑，且过于绝对）

A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television. （缺少证据支撑，且过于绝对）

A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television. （缺少证据支撑，且过于绝对）

. TPO 17 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia

. TPO 17 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia

. TPO 17 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?

TPO 10 Chinese Pottery

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?

TPO 10 Chinese Pottery

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?

TPO 10 Chinese Pottery

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?

TPO 10 Chinese Pottery

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?

TPO 10 Chinese Pottery

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?

A. Summers were very warm and winters were very cold.

A. The wages of officers and workers in the Arsenale kept rising

A. The wages of officers and workers in the Arsenale kept rising

A. The wages of officers and workers in the Arsenale kept rising

A. The wages of officers and workers in the Arsenale kept rising

A. The wages of officers and workers in the Arsenale kept rising

According to paragraph 3, the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton can be

A. other Neanderthal skeletons found nearby are also right-handed

According to paragraph 3, the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton can be

A. other Neanderthal skeletons found nearby are also right-handed

According to paragraph 3, the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton can be

A. other Neanderthal skeletons found nearby are also right-handed

According to paragraph 3, the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton can be

A. other Neanderthal skeletons found nearby are also right-handed

According to paragraph 3, the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton can be

A. other Neanderthal skeletons found nearby are also right-handed

A. The technological innovation of sound film during the 1920s

A. The technological innovation of sound film during the 1920s

A. The technological innovation of sound film during the 1920s

A. The technological innovation of sound film during the 1920s

A. The technological innovation of sound film during the 1920s

A. The technological innovation of sound film during the 1920s

You might also like

词汇题句子简化题事实信息题推断题文章总结题