ECONOMIC IMPACT

 Loss of job due to displacement

 Loss of harvest and livestock
 Loss of farms, fish cages, and other
sources of living
 Loss of money and other valuables like
jewelries, furniture and appliances
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
 Loss of forests due to forest
fires
 Loss of fresh water due to
salination – intrusion of salt
water to fresh water sources
 Disturbance of biodiversity
 Loss of natural rivers and other
tributaries
TRIBUTARIES
 BIOLOGICAL IMPACT
 Epidemic to people, flora and fauna
 Chronic and permanent illnesses due to
nuclear radiation
 Mental disorder developed from
consumption of contaminated foods
 Proliferation of different viral and
bacterial diseases
 ASSESSMENT TASKS
1. Define what a hazard is.
2. Classify the following hazards
according to their types:
Earthquakes: ______________________
Cyclones: ______________________
Flash floods: ______________________
Thunderstorms: __________________
Typhoons: ______________________
Storm Surge: ____________________
Tsunami: _______________________
Volcanic eruptions: _______________
Forest Fires: _____________________
Epidemics: ______________________
Nuclear leaks: ____________________
Cyber terrorism: __________________
 EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1) Identify various potential earthquake
hazards
2) Point with ease the natural signs of an
impending tsunami
3) Discuss the effects of different
earthquake hazards
4) Interpret different earthquake hazard
maps
5) Apply precautionary and safety
measure, before, during, and after an
earthquake
 WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
An earthquake (also known as a
quake, tremor or temblor) is the
perceptible shaking of the surface of the
Earth, resulting from the sudden release of
energy in the Earth’s crust that creates
seismic waves. (US Geological Science –
USGS) VIDEO
 POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
Geologists explain that an earthquake is a
type of hazard that depends on the strength of
seismic activity, along with such factors as local
topographic and built features, subsurface
geology and groundwater. A large earthquake
will always be followed by a sequence of
aftershocks that normally aggravates its effect
on human and material elements like buildings
and infrastructure.
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE DIFFERENT HAZARDS
THAT NORMALLY RESULT FROM THE
OCCURRENCE OF AN EATHQUAKE
1) Ground Shaking or Ground Motion
The Earth shakes with the passage of
earthquake waves, which radiate energy
that had been “stored” in stressed rocks,
and were released when a fault broke and
the rocks slipped to relieve the pent-up
stress. The strength of ground shaking is
measured in the velocity of ground motion,
the acceleration of ground motion, the
frequency content of the shaking and
how long the shaking continues (the
“duration”).

2) Ground or Surface Rupture

Surface rupture is an offset of the
ground surface when fault rupture
extends to the Earth’s surface. Any
structure built across the fault is at risk of
being torn apart as the two sides of the
fault slip past each other.
Normal-and-reverse – (collectively
called dip-slip) faulting surface ruptures
feature vertical offsets while strike-slip
faulting produces lateral offsets. Many
earthquake surface ruptures are
combinations of both.
3) Liquefaction
Soil liquefaction is a phenomenon in
which the strength and stiffness of a soil
is reduced by earthquake shaking or
other rapid loading. It normally occurs in
saturated soils, that is, soil in which the
space between individual particle is
completely filled with water. Liquefied soil
will force open ground cracks in order to
escape to the surface. The ejected
material often results in flooding and may
leave cavities in the soil.
VIDEO