EVOLUTION AND

ORIGIN OF
BIODIVERSITY
Objective:
To relate the changes that
happened from the past to
modern days and pay attention
to whatever hazards will come.
•Geologic
Time Scale
• A.A recall for the
Geologic time scale
by giving the correct
answer for the
following:
• ______ 1. Phanerozoic
is divided into two eras.
FALSE
• PALEOZOIC
• MESOZOIC
• CENOZOIC
______ 2. Transformation of Earth
happened during Precambrian Eon.
• TRUE
______ 3.Geologists
separate time periods
by identifying the
fossils that have been
preserved.
TRUE
______4. Amphibians are the animals
that dominated during Paleozoic Era.
TRUE
• ______5. Eons have
duration hundreds of
millions of years.
TRUE
______6. Geologists
divided the history of Earth
into intervals of time that are
unequal in length.
TRUE
• ______7. Geologic
Time Scale only
describes the
evolution of Earth.
FALSE
EVOLUTION AND ORIGIN OF
BIODIVERSITY
• ______8. RA 11121 is
also known as Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Act.
FALSE
RA 10121
______9.
Landslide may be
triggered by an
earthquake.
TRUE
_____ 10.
Seismographs can
only detect
earthquakes that are
felt.
FALSE
SEISMOGRAPHS CAN DETECT
EARTHQUAKES EVEN CAN FELT
• Geological hazard is a geological
and environmental process. It includes
earthquakes, landslides, floods, volcanic
eruptions, etc. It is responsible for the
deaths of many people, damage to
properties, and destruction to our
environment
• In the past years, millions of
people died because of this
phenomenon.
• According to RA 10121 also known as
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act, hazard is a dangerous
natural phenomenon, substance, human
activity or condition that may cause loss of
life, injury or other impacts, property
damage, loss of livelihoods and services,
social and economic disruptions or
environmental damage. Infrastructures,
public or private facilities, households,
transportation, and humans are the
elements exposed to these hazards.
Volcanic eruptions can have an
extreme impact on the lives of
organisms. Water, land, or soil and air
are affected. When people see that
they are no longer safe in the area,
they are forced to leave their properties
and belongings to be alive. The
following are the volcano hazards and
its impact:
1. Pyroclastic Flow and Surges
A mixture of ash, rock fragments
and gas materials that leave
devastating effects on the area in which
they flow.
2. Ballistic Projectiles
These are rocks from an
erupting volcano blasted into the
air.
3. Lahar
It is a mudflow from a mixture of
volcanic water and rock fragments. It
moves down the slopes of the volcano
into the surrounding area and
destroying everything on its way.
4. Volcanic Gases
Gases present in toxic amount
trapped in cavities in volcanic rocks
dissolved in magma or lava or through
groundwater and is heated by volcanic
activity.
5. Ash Falls
These are ashes produced during
a volcanic eruption. It can destroy
vegetation, malfunctions engine,
collapse roofs, and endanger health of
people. Ashfall continues even after the
explosion and can affect the
neighboring areas.
6. Tsunamis
These are substantial sea waves
that occur when an underwater volcano
erupts. Its wave height could be higher
than 5 meters. It can cause the death
of humans, animals, and destruction of
infrastructures or properties when it hits
offshore.
Earthquake is another form of geologic
hazard. It is a shaking of the ground
due to the released energy that forms
seismic waves. Seismograph detects
earthquakes that are less felt.
Earthquake hazards include the
following:
1. Unsecured things that are open.
2. Electronic devices and appliances.
3. Grounds Breaking
It can cause mild or severe damage to
properties or structures. The effects
depend on the magnitude of an
earthquake or its distance from the
epicenter.
4. Liquefaction
The strength and hardness of the
soil are reduced. It happens when the
groundwater mixed with ground soil
that makes the soil less stable.
5. Ground subsidence
Grounds sink due to earthquake.
Landslide is a geological hazard that includes
movement of any debris, masses of rock, or soil down a
slope. It can occur in the offshore and coastal
environment but composed of a weak strength of soil
resting on a steep slope. Landslides hazards are falling
debris from a steep slope, pieces of rocks fall, and
mudflow. Human activities like mining, deforestation,
quarrying, digging, and conversion of land to residential
or industrial areas contribute to this natural phenomenon.
Geologic Time Scale
• Cenozoic Era marks the rise and
dominance of mammals and man.
• Eon is an unknown long period of
time.
• Era is a long period of time of history
with definite features.
• Evolution is a gradual development
from simple form to complex.
• Geologic Time Scale refers to the
calendar of most important events that
happened on Earth.
• Mesozoic Era marks the existence
and extinction of many animals
including dinosaurs.
• Paleozoic Era marks the ancient life.
Abundant fossils were deposited and
there was a change of habitat.
• Geo - hazards
• Earthquake is a shaking of the ground
due to the released energy that forms
seismic waves.
• Geological hazard is a geological and
environmental process. It includes
earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic
eruptions.
• 
• Landslide is a geological hazard that
includes movement of any debris,
masses of rock, or soil down a slope
• Seismograph is an instrument use to
detect an earthquake.
• Volcanic Eruption happens when hot
molten materials are thrown out from the
mouth of a volcano.