THE SUN The sun is not really located

at the center of the planet’s

orbit but it is located at one
of the foci of the elliptical
orbit. the sun is about
140,000 km in diameter. Its
structure can be divided into
four parts:
 solar interior
 photosphere
 chromosphere
 corona
 SOLAR INTERIOR

- includes the core made of helium, the convection zone and radiative zone

PHOTOSPHERE

- “ Sphere of Light “

 CHROMOSPHERE

- Just above photosphere that emits the color of the surface of the star

CORONA

- Outermost portion of the atmosphere

PERIHELION
- The point at which earth is closest to the Sun.

APHELION

- The point where the Earth is farthest from the Sun.

MOON PHASES
The changes in the way we see
the moon is known as phases of
the moon. The brightness of the
moon provides light at night. But
the moon does not produce its
own light.It cannot produce its
own light. when the moon is
between the Earth and the Sun it
is called new moon. ( the
moonlight iis just sunlight
reflected by Earth to the moon).
The moonlight is called
earthshine.
MOON PHASES
At thi time, you can see a hin slice of
the moon on the western sky just after
the sunset. This is called the crescent
moon. In the next few days, the moon
appears bigger. You can see half of the
lighted side. This is called the first
quarter. This visiblefrom about noon to
midnight. Then the moon grows bigger
than the first quarter moon. Shape is
called gibbous moon. In a few days,
when the moon is nearly opposite the
sun, the side facing the moon is fully
lighted. This is the full moon phase.
after the full moon phase, the moon
becomes smaller unti it disappears.
What happens when the moon is between the
Sun and the Earth?

The moon absorbs the sunlight preventing it from reaching the Earth. This
produces a shadow of the moon on the Earth’s surface is called an eclipse of the
sun. This is known as solar eclipse.
What happens when the Earth is between the
moon and the sun?

The earth blocks the sunlight from reaching the moon. when this
happens, a lunar eclipse ( eclipse of the moon) occurs.
B. Food Chain—series of steps in which organisms
transfer energy by eating and being eaten

1. Arrows go in the direction of how energy is

transferred

2. Start with producer and end with top consumer or

carnivore

Ex: grass cricket frog raccoon

C. Food Web—network of food chains within an ecosystem

Hawks

Weasels Raccoons

Mice

Grass

Which of the organisms above is the producer?

Which of the organisms above is the top consumer?
D. Trophic Levels—each step in a food chain or food web

1. Level 1—Producers (autotrophs)

2. Level 2—Primary Consumers (herbivores)

3. Level 3—Secondary Consumers

(carnivores or omnivores)

4. Level 4—Tertiary Consumers

(carnivore—usually top carnivore)