KLEIN

MULTIPLE
MASLOW

AND
VERSUS
EYESENK

THEORIES
UNIFIED
S E L F
KLEIN’S
Concept of
Splitting
 SPLITTING

Enables people to see both positive

and negative aspects of
themselves and others.
One must learn to unify both in
order to have an integrated
perception of self and others.
THE GOOD ME AND THE BAD ME

 A pictureof both the “good me”

and the “bad me” enables infants
to deal with both pleasurable and
destructive impulses toward
external objects.
 UNIFIED SELF: THEORIES OF
ACTUALIZATION
 1. JUNG- self-realization
 2.ADLER- striving for success

 3. FROMM-positive freedom: love

and work
 UNIFIED SELF: THEORIES OF
ACTUALIZATION
 4.MASLOW- actualization: full
potential
 5.ROGERS-actualized the

perceived self
 UNIFIED SELF: THEORIES OF
ACTUALIZATION
 6.
MAY-rediscover selfhood-an
accurate perceived self
 ALLPORT-adjustment to the

environment and growth

 ALLPORT’S STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
 3 levels of Personal Disposition:
 1. Cardinal-single dominant characteristic that
directs most of a person’s activities.
 2. Central- 5 to 1O qualities that characterize a
person’s daily interactions.
 3. Secondary-characteristics that are exhibited in
specific situations.
 ALLPORT’S THEORY
 MOTIVATIONAL TRAITS-personal dispositions
that initiates action, what you do
 STYLISTIC DISPOSITION-personal dispositions
that guide actions
 PROPRIUM-behaviors and characteristics that
people regard as warm and central in their lives. It
is the CORE of a person. It is equivalent to the self
and ego.
ALLPORT’S PROPRIUM IS DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF ITS FUNCTIONS
OR THINGS THAT IT DOES:

 BODILY SELF-knowing one’s body and its limits

SELF-IDENTITY-awareness of inner sameness and
continuity
SELF ESTEEM-pride in the ability to do things
SELF-EXTENSION-sense of possession and valuing
of others
SELF-IMAGE-sense of measuring up to expectations
of others
ALLPORT’S PROPRIUM IS DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF ITS FUNCTIONS
OR THINGS THAT IT DOES:

 SELF AS RATIONAL COPER-sense of self as active

problem-solving agent
 PROPRIATE STRIVING-development of long-term
purpose and goal
MASLOW’S
EIGHT-STAGE
HIERARCHY
OF NEEDS
• TRANSCENDENCE
-helping others to self-actualise

• SELF-ACTUALISATION

-personal growth, self-fulfilment

• AESTHETIC NEEDS
-beauty, balance, form etc.
• COGNITIVE NEEDS
-knowledge, meaning, self-
awareness
ESTEEM NEEDS
-achievement, status, responsibility,
reputation

BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE NEEDS

-family, affection, relationships, work group,
etc.
 SAFETY NEEDS
-protection, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc.

BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL

NEEDS
-basic life needs, air, food, drink, shelter,
warmth, sex, sleep, etc.
EYESENK’S

dimensions
of
personality
P- PSYCHOTICISM
-high psychotic scores may
indicate anxiety, hysteria,
egocentrism, aggression etc.
E-
EXTRAVERSION/INTROVERSION
-extraverts are characterized by
sociability, impulsiveness, jocularity,
liveliness, optimism whereas introverts
are quiet, passive, unsociable, careful,
reserved, thoughtful, pessimistic
AGREEABLENESS- high agreeable
people tend to have high prosocial
behaviors which means that they are
more inclined to be helping other
people.
OPENNES-is a characteristic that
includes imagination and insight. The
world, other people and an eagerness
to learn and experience new things is
particularly high for this personality
trait.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS- is a trait
that includes high levels of
thoughtfulness, good impulse control,
and goal-directed behaviors.
N-NEUROTICISM
-people high in neuroticism have
anxiety, hysteria, and obsessive-
compulsive disorders. They
frequently have the tendency to
overreact emotionally.
 P- aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal,
impulsive, anti- social, creative

E- sociable, lively, active, assertive, sensation-

seeking, dominant, carefree

N- anxious, depressed, low self esteem, tense,

shy, moody, irrational, emotional