SPOTTERS LOWER LIMB

INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY
MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE
Q1

1. IDENTIFY THE TIED STRUCTURE

2. WRITE ITS ORIGIN AND TERMINATION
A1

• FEMORAL ARTERY

• ORIGIN - CONTINUATION OF EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY

• TERMINATION – CONTINUES AS POPLITEAL ARTERY

Q2

1. IDENTIFY THE TIED STRUCTURE

2. NAME ANY THREE BRANCHES
A2

• FEMORAL ARTERY

• BRANCHES - SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC ARTERY, SUPERFICIAL CIRCUMFLEX

ILIAC ARTERY, SUPERFICIAL EXTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY, DEEP EXTERNAL
PUDENDAL ARTERY,PROFUNDA FEMORIS ARTERY, MUSCULAR BRANCHES TO
ADJOINING MUSCLES.
Q3

1. IDENTIFY THE TIED STRUCTURE

2. NAME ITS TRIBUTARIES
A3

• FEMORAL VEIN

• TRIBUTARIES – PROFUNDA FEMORIS VEIN, GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN, MEDIAL AND

LATERAL CIRCUMFLEX FEMORAL VEINS, DEEP EXTERNAL PUDENDAL VEIN,
DIRECT MUSCULAAR TRIBUTARIES
Q4

1. IDENTIFY THE TIED STRUCTURE

2. WRITE ITS ROOT VALUE
A4

• FEMORAL NERVE

• ROOT VALUE – DORSAL BRANCHES OF VENTRAL RAMI OF L2,L3 AND L4 SPINAL

NERVES
Q5

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED

STRUCTURE
2. WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?
A5

• SARTORIUS

• ORIGIN- ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE

• INSERTION - UPPER PART OF MEDIAL SURFACE OF SHAFT OF TIBIA IN FRONT OF

GRACILIS AND SEMITENDINOSUS
Q6

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STUCTURE

2. GIVE ITS NERVE SUPPLY AND ACTION
A6

• SARTORIUS

• NERVE SUPPLY – ANTERIOR DIVISION OF FEMORAL NERVE

• ACTION – FLEXION, ABDUCTION AND LATERAL ROTATION OF HIP,

- FLEXION AND MEDIAL ROTATION OF SEMIFLEXED KNEE

Q7

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?
A7

• RECTUS FEMORIS

• ORIGIN – STRAIGHT HEAD - UPPER PART OF ANTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINE

- REFLECTED HEAD – GROOVE ABOVE ACETABULUM AND FIBROUS

CAPSULE OF HIP JOINT

INSERTION – BASE OF PATELLA, SOME FIBRES ARE CONTINUOUS WITH

LIGAMENTUM PATELLA
Q8

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. GIVE ITS NERVE SUPPLY AND
ACTION.
A8

• RECTUS FEMORIS

• NERVE SUPPLY - NERVE TO VASTUS MEDIALIS

• ACTION – EXTENSION OF KNEE JOINT

Q9

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?

A9

• GLUTEUS MEDIUS

• ORIGIN – OUTER SURFACE OF ILIUM BETWEEN THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR

GLUTEAL LINES

• INSERTION – OBLIQUE RIDGE IN THE LATERAL SURFACE OF GREATER

TROCHANTER
Q10

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY

A10

• GLUTEUS MEDIUS

• NERVE SUPPLY – SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE

• ACTIONS - ACTING FROM ABOVE – ABDUCTION OF HIP JOINT

ACTING FROM BELOW – PREVENT SAGGING OF UNSUPPORTED SIDE OF

PELVIS DURING LOCOMOTION

ANTERIOR FIBRES – MEDIAL ROTATION OF HIP

Q11

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?

A11

• BICEPS FEMORIS

• ORIGIN - LONG HEAD – FROM ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY IN COMMON WITH

SEMITENDINOSUS

- SHORT HEAD - LOWER PART OF LATERAL LIP OF LINEA ASPERA AND UPPEWR
2/3RD OF LATERAL SUPRACONDYLAR LINE OF FEMUR

• INSERTION – HEAD OF FIBULA IN FRONT OF STYLOID PROCESS

Q12

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY

A12

• BICEPS FEMORIS

• NERVE SUPPLY – SCIATIC NERVE – LONG HEAD OF BICEPS FEMORIS – THROUGH

TIBIAL COMPONENT

• SHORT HEAD OF BICEPS FEMORIS – THROUGH COMMON PERONEAL COMPONENT

• ACTION - FLEXION OF KNEE JOINT AND EXTENSION OF HIP JOINT

- LATERAL ROTATION OF SEMIFLEXED KNEE

Q13

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STUCTURE

2. WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?
A13

• ADDUCTOR LONGUS

• ORIGIN – AS A ROUNDED TENDON FROM A CIRCULAR AREA IN THE ANGLE

BETWEEN THE PUBIC CREST AND SYMPHYSIS PUBIS

• INSERTION - MEDIAL LIP OF LINEA ASPERA IN THE MIDDLE THIRD OF SHAFT OF

FEMUR
Q14

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STUCTURE

2. GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY
A14

• ADDUCTOR LONGUS

• NERVE SUPPLY - ANTERIOR DIVISION OF OBTURATOR NERVE

• ACTIONS – ADDUCTION AND MEDIAL ROTATION OF HIP JOINT

- ASSISTS IN FLEXION OF HIP JOINT

Q15

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?

A15

• GRACILIS

• ORIGIN - MEDIAL MARGIN OF LOWER PART OF BODY OF PUBIS AND ADJOINING

ISCHIOPUBIC RAMUS

• INSERTION - UPPER PARTR OF MEDIAL SURFACE OF TIBIA BETWEEN THE

INSERTIONS OF SARRTORIUS AND SEMITENDINOSUS
Q16

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY

A16

• GRACILIS

• NERVE SUPPLY – ANTERIOR DIVISION OF OBTURATOR NERVE

• ACTION - ADDUCTION OF HIP JOINT AND FLEXION OF KNEE JOINT, MEDIAL

ROTATION OF SEMIFLEXED KNEE
Q17

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?

A17

• RECTUS FEMORIS

• ORIGIN – STRAIGHT HEAD - UPPER PART OF ANTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINe

- REFLECTED HEAD – GROOVE ABOVE ACETABULUM AND FIBROUS

CAPSULE OF HIP JOINT

• INSERTION – BASE OF PATELLA, SOME FIBRES ARE CONTINUOUS WITH

LIGAMENTUM PATELLA
Q18

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY

A18

• RECTUS FEMORIS

• NERVE SUPPLY - NERVE TO VASTUS MEDIALIS

• ACTION – EXTENSION OF KNEE JOINT

Q19

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?

 A19

• VASTUS LATERALIS

• ORIGIN – UPPER PART OF INTERTROCHANTRIC LINE, ANTERIOR AND LOWER

BORDERS OF THE ROOT OF GREATER TROCHANTER, LATERAL LIP OF GLUTEAL
TUBEROSITYAND LATERAL LIP OF LINEA ASPERA EXTENDING UPTO THE MIDDLE OF
THE SHAFT OF FEMUR

• INSERTION – LATERAL 2/3 RD OF UPPER BORDER AND UPPER 1/3 RD OF LATERAL

BORDER OF PATELLA , LATERAL PATELLAR RETINACULUM
Q20

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY

A20

• VASTUS LATERALIS

• NERVE SUPPLY – POSTERIOR DIVISION OF FEMORAL NERVE

• ACTION- EXTENSION OF KNEE JOINT

Q21

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?
A21

• GASTROCNEMIUS

• ORIGIN –

• MEDIAL HEAD – MEDIAL CONDYLE OF FEMUR AND INFERO MEDIAL ANGLE OF

POPLITEAL SURFACE OF FEMUR
• LATERAL HEAD – LATERAL SURFACE OF LATERAL CONDYLE ABOVE THE
LATERAL EPICONDYLE AND THE GROOVE FOR POPLITEUS

• INSERTION – FORMS TENDO – CALCANEUS ALONG WITH SOLEUS

 Q22

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE
SUPPLY
A22

• GASTROCNEMIUS

• NERVE SUPPLY – TIBIAL NERVE

• ACTION – PLANTAR FLEXION OF ANKLE JOINT, FLEXION OF KNEE JOINT

 Q23

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?
A23

• SOLEUS

• ORIGIN –
• POSTERIOR SURFACE OF HEAD AND UPPER ¼ TH OF SHAFT OF FIBULA

• SOLEAL LINE AND MIDDLE 1/3RD OF MEDIAL BORDER OF TIBIA

• TENDINOUS ARCH BETWEEN TIBIA AND FIBULA

• INSERTION – FORMS TENDO – CALCANEUS ALONG WITH SOLEUS

 Q24

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE
SUPPLY
A24

• SOLEUS

• NERVE SUPPLY – TIBIAL NERVE

• ACTION– PLANTAR FLEXION OF ANKLE JOINT, FLEXION OF KNEE JOINT

 Q25

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?
• TENDO-CALCANEUS

• FORMATION – UNION OF THE TENDONS OF GASTROCNEMIUS AND SOLEUS

• INSERTION - MIDDLE OF THE POSTERIOR ASPECT OF CALCANEUS

 Q26

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?
Q25

• SEMITENDINOSUS

• ORIGIN – ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

• INSERTION – UPPER PART OF MEDIAL SURFACE OF TIBIA BEHIND INSERTION OF

SARTORIUS AND GRACILIS
 Q26

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY
A26

• SEMITENDINOSUS

• NERVE SUPPLY – TIBIAL COMPONENT OF SCIATIC NERVE

• ACTION – FLEXION OF KNEE JOINT AND EXTENSION OF HIP JOINT

- MEDIAL ROTATION OF SEMIFLEXED KNEE

 Q27

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?
A27

• BICEPS FEMORIS

• ORIGIN - LONG HEAD – FROM ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY IN COMMON WITH

SEMITENDINOSUS

- SHORT HEAD - LOWER PART OF LATERAL LIP OF LINEA ASPERA AND

UPPEWR 2/3RD OF LATERAL SUPRACONDYLAR LINE OF FEMUR

• INSERTION – HEAD OF FIBULA IN FRONT OF STYLOID PROCESS

 Q28

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY
A28

• BICEPS FEMORIS

• NERVE SUPPLY – SCIATIC NERVE – LONG HEAD OF BICEPS FEMORIS – THROUGH

TIBIAL COMPONENT

• SHORT HEAD OF BICEPS FEMORIS – THROUGH COMMON PERONEAL COMPONENT

• ACTION - FLEXION OF KNEE JOINT AND EXTENSION OF HIP JOINT

- LATERAL ROTATION OF SEMIFLEXED KNEE

 Q29

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?
A29

• SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

• ORIGIN – ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

• INSERTION - HORIZONTAL GROOVE ON THE POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE MEDIAL

CONDYLE OF TIBIA
 Q30

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE
SUPPLY
A30

• SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

• NERVE SUPPLY – TIBIAL COMPONENT OF SCIATIC NERVE

• ACTION – EXTENSION OF HIP JOINT,

FLEXION AND MEDIAL ROTATION OF KNEE JOINT

Q31

1. IDENTIFY THE TIED STRUCTURE

2. WRITE ITS FORMATION
A31

• DORSAL VENOUS ARCH

• FORMATION – UNION OF DORSAL METETARSAL VEINS

Q32

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?

A32

• EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

• ORIGIN - MIDDLE 2/4TH OF THE MEDIAL SURFACE OF SHAFT OF FIBULA, ADJOINING

INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE

• INSERTION – BASE OF DISTAL PHALANX OF GREAT TOE

Q33

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY

A33

• EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

• NERVE SUPPLY – DEEP PERONEAL NERVE

• ACTION – EXTENSION OF GREAT TOE, DORSIFLEXION OF FOOT

Q34

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?

A34

• EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

• ORIGIN - LATERAL CONDYLE OF TIBIA, UPPER ¾ TH OF MEDIAL SURFACE OF

FIBULA, ADJOINING INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE

• INSERTION – BASE OF MIDDLE AND DISTAL PHALANGES OF LATERAL FOUR TOES

Q35

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY

A35

• EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

• NERVE SUPPLY – DEEP PERONEAL NERVE

• ACTION – DORSIFLEXION OF FOOT, EXTENSION OF METACARPOPHALANGEAL,

PROXIMAL AND DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS OF LATERAL FOUR TOES
Q36

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WHAT ARE ITS ATTACHMENTS?

A36

• TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

• ORIGIN – UPPER 2/3RD OF THE LATERAL SURFACE OF SHAFT OF TIBIA,

INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE, DEEP FASCIA OF UPPER PART OF LEG

• INSERTION – INFERO MEDIAL SURFACE OF BASE OF FIRST METATARSAL BONE

AND ADJACENT MEDIAL CUNEIFORM BONE
Q37

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• GIVE ITS ACTION AND NERVE SUPPLY

A37

• TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

• NERVE SUPPLY – DEEP PERONEAL NERVE

• ACTION – DORSIFLEXION AT ANKLE JOINT, INVERSION OF FOOT AT MID TARSAL

JOINT AND SUBTALAR JOINTS
 Q38

1. IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

2. WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURES PASSING
THROUGH IT?
A38

• EXTENSOR RETINACULUM

• STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH IT – TIBIALIS ANTERIOR, EXTENSOR HALLUCIS

LONGUS, ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY, DEEP PERONEAL NERVE, EXTENSOR
DIGITORUM LONGUS, PERONEUS TERTIUS
Q39

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WRITE ITS ATTACHMENTS

A39

• ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

• ATTACHMENT: PROXIMAL- MEDIAL SURFACE OF LATERAL FEMORAL CONDYLE

• DIATAL – ANTERIOR PART OF INTERCONDYLAR AREA OF TIBIA

Q40

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• NAME THE TYPE OF CARTILAGE
A40

• MEDIAL MENISCUS

• WHITE FIBRO CARTILAGE

Q41

• IDENTIFY THE TIED STRUCTURE

• WRITE ITS FORMATION AND
TERMINATION
A41

• GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN

• FORMED BY THE UNION OF MEDIAL END OF DORSAL VENOUS ARCH AND MEDIAL
MARGINAL VEIN

• TERMINATION- DRAINS INTO THE FEMORAL VEIN

Q42

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WRITE ITS ATTACHMENT

PATELLA
A42

• LIGAMENTUM PATELLA

• ATTACHMENT - PROXIMAL – APEX OF PATELLA

• DISTAL – THE UPPER PART OF TIBIAL TUBEROSITY

Q43

• IDENTIFY THE TIED STRUCTURE

• WRITE ITS ROOT VALUE

A43

• SCIATIC NERVE

• ROOT VALUE – VENTRAL DIVISION OF ANTERIOR PRIMARY RAMI OF L4,L5,S1,S2,S3

AND DORSAL DIVISION OF ANTERIOR PRIMARY RAMI OF L4,L5,S1 &S2
Q44

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• NAME ONE CLINICAL CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH IT
A44

• PLANTAR APONEUROSIS
• PLANTAR FASCIITIS
 Q45

• IDENTIFY THE TIED SRUCTURE

• WHAT IS IT A BRANCH OF?
A45

• DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY

• IT IS THE CONTINUATION OF ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
Q46

• IDENTIFY THE PINNED STRUCTURE

• WRITE ITS ATTACHMENTS
• WHAT ARE THE MUSCLES ENCLOSED
BY IT?
A46

• ILIOTIBIAL TRACT

• ATTACHMENT: PROXIMAL- OUTER LIP OF ILIAC CREST AND CAPSULE OF HIP JOINT

• DISTAL- SMOOTH AREA IN THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF LATERAL CONDYLE OF TIBIA

• MUSCLES ENCLOSED-GLUTEUS MAXIMUS AND TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE