7.2 Preparing A Salt Using Metal and Acid 16-05-2022 Monday

7.
2 Preparing a salt using metal and

acid
16-05-2022
Monday
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Define salt
 Identify an appropriate method of salt preparation
based on the solubility of the salt
Distinguish between acidic and normal salts
Acids, Bases and Salts
What are acids?
 Fruits like apples, oranges and pineapples taste sour because they
contain acids.
 Acids also turn blue litmus paper red.
 Acids produce hydrogen ions H+ in water.
Definition of An Acid
An acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ions, H+(aq) in water.
What are acids?
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Other chemical properties of acids
 Acids react with metals to produce

hydrogen gas.
E.g. Mg + H2SO4  MgSO4 + H2 ( test for hydrogen gas)
 Acids react with carbonates to

produce carbon dioxide.
E.g.
CaCO3 +2HCl  CaCl2 + H2O + Limewater HCl+CaCO3
CO2 turns chalky
(test for carbon dioxide)
What are acids?
Other chemical properties of acids

 Acids react with bases to form a salt and water only.
 E.g. sulphuric acid reacts with copper(II) oxide to form a salt
called copper(II) sulphate and water:
H2SO4 + CuO  CuSO4 + H2O
 This reaction is called neutralisation.

Some Common Acids
Name of acid Formula

Sulphuric acid H2SO4
Hydrochloric acid HCl
Nitric acid HNO3
Citric acid C6H8O7
Ethanoic acid CH3COOH
(vinegar)
The pH Scale
 The pH of a solution tells us how acidic or alkaline a
solution is.
 The pH is a measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration
in a solution.
 The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
 The pH of a solution can be measured with a pH meter.
8
Chapter 10
The pH Scale
 The lower the pH, the more acidic the solution is.
 The higher the pH, the more alkaline the solution is.
 pH 7 is neutral.
 Distilled water, sugar solution and most salt solutions are
neutral (pH 7).
9
Methods of Preparing Salts
1. Action of acid on a metal
ACID + METAL  SALT + HYDROGEN
Eg.1 Sulphuric acid on zinc
H2SO4 + Zn 
ZnSO4
Eg.2 Hydrochloric acid on +magnesium
H2
2HCl + Mg  MgCl2 +
 NOTE: H2
Only metals like magnesium, zinc and iron are suitable. Metals
like sodium, potassium and calcium are explosive with acids;
while metals like lead and copper are unreactive with acids. 10
Making zinc sulphate (acid on metal)
Can you describe how zinc sulphate is prepared with the aid of the diagrams?42
METALS AND ACIDS
Metals
Magnesium
Iron
Sodium
Calcium
METALS AND ACIDS
Metals Acids
Magnesium Hydrochloric acid
Iron Sulfuric acid
Sodium Nitric acid
Calcium Ethanoic acid
METALS AND ACIDS
Metals Acids
Magnesium Hydrochloric acid
Iron Sulfuric acid
Sodium Nitric acid
Calcium Ethanoic acid
Metal + Acid  Salt + Hydrogen

FORMING SALTS
METAL ACID SALT

magnesium hydrochloric acid
iron iron nitrate
ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate
calcium calcium sulphate
copper nitric acid
nitric acid iron nitrate
sodium sodium chloride
calcium ethanoic acid
magnesium sulphuric acid
FORMING SALTS
METAL ACID SALT

magnesium hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride
iron iron nitrate
copper nitric acid
FORMING SALTS
METAL ACID SALT

iron nitric acid iron nitrate
copper nitric acid
FORMING SALTS
METAL ACID SALT

sodium ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate
copper nitric acid
FORMING SALTS
METAL ACID SALT

calcium sulphuric acid calcium sulphate
copper nitric acid No Reaction
FORMING SALTS
METAL ACID SALT

copper nitric acid copper nitrate
FORMING SALTS
METAL ACID SALT

sodium hydrochloric acid sodium chloride
FORMING SALTS
METAL ACID SALT

calcium ethanoic acid calcium ethanoate
FORMING SALTS
METAL ACID SALT

calcium ethanoic acid calcium ethanoate
magnesium sulphuric acid magnesium sulphate
Reaction of metals with dilute acid
ELEMENT These elements react with acid in a very
violent and dangerous manner. These
Potassium experiments would not normally be
Sodium attempted in the school laboratory.
Lithium
Calcium Examples:
Magnesium
Aluminium 2K(s) + 2HCl(aq)  2KCl(ag) + H2(g)
Zinc
Iron 2Na(s) + H2SO4(aq)  Na2SO4(aq) + H2(g)
Tin
Lead
Ca(s) + 2HNO3(aq)  Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)
Copper
Silver
Gold
ELEMENT
Potassium
Sodium These elements react reasonably well
Lithium with acid, and the reactivity decreases
Calcium as we go down the series.
Magnesium
Aluminium Examples:
Zinc
Iron Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)  MgCl2(ag) + H2(g)
Tin
Lead Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
Copper
Silver Sn(s) + 2HNO3(aq)  Sn(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)
Gold
ELEMENT
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper No reaction with dilute
Silver acids
Gold
WB PG 61-62
1. Some salts can be made by a reaction between a
metal and acid. Magnesium metal placed in sulfuric
acid produces the salt magnesium sulfate and the gas
hydrogen.
a. Name another metal that can produce a salt in this

way.
WB PG 61-62
Aluminium, Zinc, Iron or Lead.
WB PG 61-62
b. Why is sodium chloride not made by reacting
sodium with an acid?
WB PG 61-62
Sodium chloride is not made by reacting sodium with an acid
because sodium is very reactive and there would be an
explosion.
WB PG 61-62
c. Why is copper sulfate not made by reacting copper
with dilute sulfuric acid?
WB PG 61-62
Copper sulfate is not made by reacting copper with sulfuric
acid because copper is so unreactive that it does not react with
dilute acid.
WB PG 61-62
d. Describe the tree steps involved in producing
crystals of salt copper sulfate. For each step, describe
the method and include the safety precautions needed.
Use diagrams if that will help your answer.
WB PG 61-62
• The first step in the process is to react copper oxide with
sulfuric acid.
• Excess copper oxide is added to sulfuric acid in a beaker.
• The beaker is heated gently and stirred all the time.
• When a color change (to blue) is seen you should stop
heating.
• Safety precautions at this stage are to wear safety glasses as
you are using acid and to not boil the acid mixture, as
harmful fumes are given off.
• The second step is to filter the mixture.
• The excess copper oxide is left in the filter paper and the
filtrate is a solution of copper sulfate.
• There are no safety precautions that need to be taken.
WB PG 61-62
• The third step is to evaporate the solution of copper sulfate.
• The solution should be placed in an evaporating basin and
heated gently.
• When small crystals are seen or the solution starts spitting,
you should stop heating and allow the solution to evaporate
slowly and the crystals will form.
• Safety precautions are to wear safety glasses and to take
care as the hot solution may spit and burn you.

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7.

2 Preparing a salt using metal and

 Acids react with metals to produce

 Acids react with carbonates to

Other chemical properties of acids

 This reaction is called neutralisation.

Name of acid Formula

Metal + Acid  Salt + Hydrogen

METAL ACID SALT

METAL ACID SALT

METAL ACID SALT

METAL ACID SALT

METAL ACID SALT

METAL ACID SALT

METAL ACID SALT

METAL ACID SALT

METAL ACID SALT

a. Name another metal that can produce a salt in this

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