: DI S TR IB UT I O N S Y S TE M &

E E NG 1 05
SUBS TA T IO N D E S I G N
C TE R IST ICS AND D E M AND S
TOPIC 2 : LO AD C H AR A
N G R . ER N IC K R . ROMEN
E
- EE
FACULTY, CvSU
INTRODUCTION: LOAD CHARACTERISTICS

WHAT IS ELECTRICAL LOAD?

• THE TERM LOAD REFERS TO THE ELECTRICAL DEMAND OF A

DEVICE CONNECTED TO AND DRAWING POWER FROM THE
ELECTRIC SYSTEM IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH SOME TASK.
INTRODUCTION: LOAD CHARACTERISTICS

• ANY DEVICE OR APPARATUS THAT DRAWS ELECTRIC CURRENT

FROM SUPPLY SYSTEM IS SAID TO IMPOSE A LOAD ON THE SYSTEM.
THE TERM “LOAD” (IN ELECTRICAL) IS USED TO:
•TO INDICATE ANY DEVICE THAT CONSUMES ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
•TO INDICATE POWER REQUIRED FROM GIVEN SUPPLY CIRCUIT.
•TO INDICATE THE CURRENT OR POWER PASSING THROUGH
TRANSMISSION LINE.
INTRODUCTION: DEMANDS

THE DEMAND OF A SYSTEM INSTALLATION IS “THE LOAD

THAT IS DRAWN FROM THE SOURCE OF SUPPLY AT THE
RECEIVING TERMINALS AVERAGED OVER A CERTAIN
PERIOD OF TIME”
SAMPLE DT LOADING

Min Average Max

Current 32 95.31 149
kVA Loading 7.68 22.87 35.76
% Loading 10.24% 30.50% 47.68%
AVERAGE LOAD

AVERAGE LOAD MEAN OF ALL THE DEMANDS THAT HAVE

CONCURRED DURING THE DAY/MONTH/YEAR.
LOAD FACTOR

RATIO OF AVERAGE LOAD TO THE PEAK LOAD

DEMAND FACTOR

RATIO OF PEAK LOAD TO THE CONNECTED LOAD

DIVERSITY FACTOR

RATIO OF THE SUM OF INDIVIDUAL PEAK LOAD TO THE

PEAK LOAD OF THE ENTIRE STATION
UTILIZATION FACTOR

RATIO OF THE PEAK LOAD OF THE ENTIRE STATION TO

THE TOTAL OR INSTALLED CAPACITY OF THE STATION
PLANT CAPACITY FACTOR

RATIO OF THE ANNUAL ENERGY DELIVERED BY THE

STATION TO THE RATED ENERGY THAT THE STATION CAN
GENERATE OR PRODUCED IN A YEAR
PLANT USE FACTOR

RATIO OF THE ANNUAL ENERGY DELIVERED BY THE

STATION TO THE ACTUAL ENERGY THAT THE STATION CAN
GENERATE OR PRODUCED IN A YEAR
THANK YOU AND GODBLESS
EE LANG MALAKAS!