MODULE TITTLE: MAKING

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT
UNIT TITTLE : MAKING POLISHES

ELEMENT1: MAKING WOOD POLISH

BY SIR BONY
 ELEMENT1: MAKING WOOD POLISH

What is polish?
Is the substance used to give something a smooth
and shiny surface when rubbed in.
What is polishing?
Is the process of creating a smooth and shiny
surface by rubbing it or using a chemical
action.
 Cont……..
 In same materials (such us metal, glasses black
or transparent stones) polishing is also able to
reduce diffuse reflection to minimal value.
What is wood polish?
Refer to the enhancing and protecting of wooden
surface to improve their longevity.
 THREE MAIN TYPES OF POLISH

i. Natural polish.
This will leave the natural color of wood
underneath.
ii. Color polish.
This will match the color of the laminate.
iii.Melamine polish.
After the color polish melamine is sprayed on
the surface to make it last longer.
 TYPES OF POLISH/VANNISHES.

i. Oil polish
ii. Spirit polish
iii. Turpentine polish
iv. Water polish
IMPORTANCE OF WOOD POLISH.
v. It make timber look fresh.
vi. It protects from abrasion.
vii. It is be safe to touch
 Cont ……
iv. It offer great protection against scratches
v. Doe not crack
vi. Easy to maintenance
vii. Protect and enhance the colour of the wood
viii. Polishing will give the surface that furniture
owner wants.
ix. Polishing keeps small forms of liquid from
seeping the pore of the wood.
 THE FOLLOWING
EQUPMENT,APPARATUS,MATERIAL AND
SAFETY GEARS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE.
i. Drying oil/olive oil
ii. Shellac
iii. Tinner /alcohol
iv. Resin
v. Gum Arabic
vi. Paraffin waxes/ bee wax
vii. Measuring cylinder
viii.Beaker
 Cont …..
ix. Balance
x. Stirrer
xi. Mask
xii. Rubber gloves
xiii. Laboratory coat.
 PROPERTIES OF WOOD POLISH.

1. Polish agents
2. Solvents
3. Emulsifiers/ surfactants
Auxiliary material includes
4. Preservatives
5. Colorant
6. Fragrance
 Cont ….

1. POLISH AGENTS
- The waxes and oil are used to improve the condition
of the furniture surface can be loosely grouped
together and labeled as polishing agent (Bee wax or
paraffin wax).
2. SOLVENTS.
-Are used to help dissolve or soften some of the water
in soluble materials used in polish.
• Common solvent include mineral spirits,
turpentine and naphtha.
 Cont …..
3. EMULSIFIERS/ SURFACTANTS
It have the ability to bridge water and oil to create
a stable cream. Paste or lotion called emulsion.
How do you make wood shine.
You can use spray polyurethane to get a flawless
appearance wood on the wood. Once you have
sprayed polyurethane into the wood surface, let
it sit overnight.
 PROCEDURES FOR MAKING WOOD
POLISH
1. Put 2or3 of the bee wax or paraffin wax in a
double boiler and place on the oven over
medium heat.
2. Put 3 cups of tinner or alcohol.
3. Increase few drops of resin .
4. Add 30 drops of shellac.
5. Stir in to mix the mixture
6. Add 10 drops of gum Arabic and stir again.
 Cont….
7. Pour the mixture into a clean, wide container.
8.Let it cool until it reach a semi-hard
consistency. This should be take about two
hours.
 ELEMENT 2: MAKING SHOE POLISH.

What is shoe polish?

Is a waxy paste, cream or liquid used to polish, shine
and water proof leather shoe or boots to extend
the footwear’s life and restore.

TYPES OF SHOE POLISH.

i. wax shoe polish.
ii. Cream shoe polish.
iii. Liquid shoe polish.
 IMPORTANCE OF SHOE POLISH.

i. It make shoe to shine.

ii. It make shoe to be durable.
iii. It protect shoe against water.
iv. It make shoe to stay longer.
v. It make a leather to be smooth.
vi. It protect the shoe to be free from scratches.
vii. It adds a protective layer upon the surface of
the shoe that protects the shoe and adds its
longevity as well.
EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICAL OF SHOE POLISH.

i. Soap flask
ii. Potassium carbonate
iii. Gum Arabic powder
iv. Bee wax/paraffin wax
v. Icing sugar
vi. Turpentine
vii. Water
viii.Charcoal powder
 Cont…
ix. Rubber gloves
x. Laboratory coat
xi. Mask.
SIMPLE PROPETIES FOR MAKING SHOE
POLISH.
1.Petroleum jelly
2. Bee wax or paraffin wax
3. A colour (lamp black is suitable or charcoal
4. Alcohol or kerosene.
 PROCEDURES FOR MAKING SHOE
POLISH.
1. The 45g of petroleum jelly and 15g of bee
wax or paraffin wax was place in double
boiler at the medium heat.
2. Mixture was stirred until bee wax or paraffin
wax and petroleum jelly melted at 64 0C
appears thick.
3. The bee wax or paraffin wax and petroleum
jelly were removed from the heat.
 Cont….

4.5g of lampblack(soot) was added and ingredient

stirred until they blended well with the melted bee
wax or paraffin wax and petroleum jelly
5. After two minutes 5mls of ethyl alcohol or kerosene
was added.
6. Lastly the prepared shoe polish were place in
containers to cool.
7.After cool room temperature shoe polish it is ready
to use.
 UNIT TITLE: MAKING PAPER GLUE.
ELEMENT: MAKING PAPER GLUE.
What is the meaning of the following terms?
 Colloid
Is the substance microscopically dispersed
evenly throughout another substance.
OR
A material in which tiny insoluble particles are
spread throughout a larger volume of another
substance.
 Cont …..
 Adhesive / Glue
A substance used for sticking object or material
together.
OR
Is something sticky that holds things together. Use
an adhesive to repair a cracked plate.
OR
Is a substance which is used to join two or more
parts so as to form a single unit.
 Cont….
 Adhesion
Is the ability of dissimilar molecules to stick
together.
OR
Is the attraction of molecules of one kind for
molecules of a different kind, and it can be
quite strong for water.
 TYPES OF ADHESIVES/GLUE.

There are three types of adhesion.

1. Specific Adhesion- the molecular attraction
between contacting surface.
2. Mechanism Adhesion- occurs when an
adhesive flows into the microstructure of the
surface to be bonded.
3. Effective Adhesion- combines specific and
mechanical adhesion for optimum joining
strength.
 THERE ARE TWO CLASSIFICATION OF
ADHESIVE OR GLUE.
1. Natural adhesive/ glue.
Are made from naturally occurring product such
as vegetables starches and animal product.
2. Synthetic adhesive/ glue.
Are based one elastomers ,thermoplastic,
emulsions, and thermo sets.
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SYNTHETIC
GLUE AND NATURAL GLUE.
Synthetic glue may only need to be applied to
one of your surface saving your time during
manufacturing.
While
natural glue may contain allergens.
 ADHESIVE/ GLUE PROPERTIES.

1. Cohesive strength.
Adhesive should have more cohesive strength that
either of the surface being held together.
2. Adherence.
For an adhesive to hold two surfaces together the
former should form a strong bond at each of
the interfaces between the surface and the
adhesive, and the adhesive must have strong
cohesive strength.
 Cont….
3. Fluidity.
When the liquid are stirred, they become
temporarily more fluid because of alignment
of their tiny crystals.
4. Wettability.
Adhesive must we wet the surface thoroughly as
it spreads.
EQUPMENT,TOOLS AND SAFETY GEARS
FOR MAKING PAPER GLUE.
i. White flour ix. Analytical balance
ii. Sugar x. Storage bottles
iii. Alum xi. Mask
iv. Cold water xii. Laboratory coat
v. Boiling water xiii. Heat resistance gloves
vi. Stove/ source
vii. Sauce pan
viii.Stirrer
 PROCEDURE FOR MAKING PAPER GLUE.

1. Dissolve 2tablespoons of white flour in the hot

water (quarter cup)
2. 1 tablespoon vinegar/alum stir well.
3. Filter the mixture through a coffee filter or
paper towel. Discard the liquid and keep the
solid curd.
4. Mix the curd, a small amount of baking soda
or sugar (about 1/8 teaspoon) and 1teaspoon
hot water.
 Cont……
5. Adjust the consistency of the glue to suit your
needs. If the glue is lumpy, add a bit more
baking soda. If it is too thick, stir in more
water.
6. Store the glue in covered container.
 PRESERVATION OF PAPER GLUE.

i. Always put the lid back on the bottle/tube.

This prevents contamination and moisture in the
air can cause the adhesive to thicken.
ii. Keep the adhesive in its original container.
The packaging is especially designed to prevent
moisture getting in.
iii. Store the adhesive in a refrigerator .
Making absolutely sure its properly labelled and
keep out of reach of children.
 Cont…
iv. Before use, allow the bottle to warm up
room temperature before opening the lid.
This helps prevent moisture condensation cure in
the bottle.
v. After use, clean the outside of the nozzle.
This is so the lid doesn’t get stuck on and is
ready for the next time.
UNIT TITLE: MAKING INK.
ELEMENT: MAKING INK.