TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION 6

WORKSHEET in INDUSTRIAL ARTS

LESSON #1: Methods used of enhancing/decorating finished products?

1. Fillers – these are applied on wood to fill up cracks, holes, and grooves. There are two kinds of
wood fillers:

a. Paste filler – It comes from silex, raw linseed oil, and turpentine. It has colours such as
natural, red, or golden oak.

b. Shellac – this is a kind of varnish that dries up easily and is not waterproof. It comes
from lac gum diluted in alcohol. Shellac is available in white or orange colour. White paste
fillers are used to fill in big cracks and grooves or wood.

2. Stains – The common wood stains used are oil stain, water stain, and spirit stain which are named
after the solvent used. Stains are sold in different colours and shades. The easiest to apply on
wood is oil stain. The hardest one to apply is the spirit stain because it dries up easily.

3. Paint – A finishing material most commonly used on wood. Paint prevents moisture on the wood
which causes decay. Paint beautifies wooden objects and makes them easy to clean.

4. Varnish – This is a transparent finishing material that comes from gum, linseed oil, and resin. It
is hard and shiny when dry and gives sheen to the wooden project. Varnish is widely used in
furniture and upholstery making.

5. Enamel – this is kind of varnish with colour. Powdered colour pigments are mixed with the varnish.
it is used on wood that is not exposed to the sun or rain because it easily fades. There are two
kinds of enamel, gloss and non-gloss. Gloss enamel gives sheen and has an attractive effect on wood.
Non-gloss enamel does not give any sheen, but it beautifies wood.

6. Lacquer – is another kind of varnish made of melted cotton tinters, gum, or chemicals. Like
enamel, lacquer comes in different colours.

ACTIVITY NO.1: Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Filler co mes from silex, raw linseed oil, and turpentine.

a. Shellac c. paste filler
b. Varnish d. paint
2. A kind of varnish that is not waterproof.
a. Paint c. Shellac
b. Enamel d. Lacquer
3. A transparent finishing material that comes from gum, linseed oil, and resin.
a. Varnish c. stains
b. Enamel d. paint
4. A kind of stain that is easiest to apply on wood.
a. Spirit stain c. fillers
b. Oil stain d. paint
5. It prevents moisture on the wood that causes decay.
a. Enamel c. paint
b. Varnish d. lacquer
Activity No. 2
Direction: Fill in the blank. Choose the correct answer inside the box. Write it before the number.

Paint Varnish Gloss enamel

Non-gloss enamel Shellac Oil stains

___________ 1. The easiest to apply on wood is the __________.

__________ 2. This is a transparent finishing material that comes from gum, linseed oil and resin.
__________ 3. It is a kind of enamel that gives sheen and has an attractive on wood.
__________ 4. A kind of varnish dries up easily and is not waterproof.
__________ 5. A finishing material commonly used on wood.

LESSON # 2: MARKET TRENDS ON PRODUCTS

Here are some activities to determine market trends on products made of bamboo, wood or metal.

1. Direct Marketing – through demonstrations, trade exhibits and other public venues.
This is popular activity being done by the producers to motivate consumers or buyers
about the products.
2. Advertising in Print Media – these activities is done through advertisements in
newspapers, magazines and flyers about the product.
3. Radio, Television and Internet Advertising – it is a modern ways of endorsing
product.
4. Distributing Products via Transport System – Products reached the consumers
faster through the means of land, air and sea transportation spreading promotion,
feedbacks even in the farthest region of the country.
• What is direct marketing?
• Explain what advertising in print media is.
• Discuss the modern ways of endorsing products.
• Give an example of distributing products via transport system.

ACTIVITY NO. 3: Evaluating Learning

Identify the following:

1. It is a modern way of endorsing finished products. ___________
2. This is a popular activity being done by the producers through demonstrations.
____________
3. In what kind of activity do producers put investments in promoting their products
through advertisements in newspapers, magazines and flyers. ____________.
4. This is a kind of activity through the means of land, air and sea transportation.
__________.
5. One of the steps to ensure the success of the product is through _________.

LESSON 3: SOURCES OF FINISHING MATERIALS

1. Shellac – it is a good finish for many projects. It comes from the excreta of insects called
a luc bug. The colour is yellow and appears like small pieces of cellophane. Before it is used,
it is mixed with denatured alcohol.
 2. Varnish – it is another finishing material that beautifies and preserves a project. It is made
from copal gum dissolved in pure boiled linseed oil. Copal gum comes from resin of pine trees
buried several feet below the ground. Linseed oil comes from oil of cotton seed. When
varnish becomes sticky and hard, add turpentine to make it thin and usable again. Varnish
and turpentine are sold in cans and bottles.

3. Paint – it is another finishing material that is always used because of its beautiful colour
and a good protector of materials. The body of paint is a mixture of four elements: pigment,
vehicle, thinner, and drier. It comes in cans of different sizes. When the paint gets sticky
or hard, add paint thinner. If thinner is not available, use gasoline or petroleum as a
substitute.

4. Lacquer – this is a synthetic product which is largely used in all manufactured articles. This
finishing material could retain the natural colour of the material to which it is applied. Like
varnish and shellac it is sold in cans and bottles. The solvent used is lacquer thinner.

5. Stain (Tina) – stain is colouring material which is applied to the surface of a wood to
improve its appearance. There are three kinds of stain: oil stain, water stain, and spirit
stain.
When you mix the dye (tina) with petroleum, the result is oil stain. When the dye is
mixed with water, it is now water stain. When the dye is mixed with alcohol, the mixture is
called spirit stain.The dye is sold in boxes or in kilos. Spirit stain is ready mixed. It is sold in
cans and bottles. All of these stains are applied by means of brush, spray, or cotton cloth.

6. Sandpaper – it is made grits, usually ground silica, flint, quartz, or emery glued to thick
paper or cloth. Sandpaper for wood is called flint paper and for metal it is called emery
cloth at present we have water proof abrasive for metal. Both are used for smoothing rough
surface of objects.

7. Glue – glue is a paste for wood materials. It is in powder or in cake form. It is manufactured
from fish, animals, and plastic resin.

ACTIVITY NO.4

Identify the sources of the following finishing materials: Choose your answer in the box.

1. Shellac
a. It is in powder form. it is made from fish, animals, and
2. Varnish plastic resin.
b. It is a mixture of four elements: the pigment, vehicle,
3. Paint thinner and drier.
c. it is made in grits, usually ground silica, flint, quartz, or
emery glued to thick paper or cloth.
4. Lacquer
d. it is a synthetic product which is largely used in all
manufactured articles.
5. Stain e. It comes from the excreta of insects called a luc bug.
f. It is made from a copal gum dissolved in pure boiled
6. Sandpaper linseed oil.
g. This finishing materials has three kinds that is made of
7. Glue. mixing dye with water, mixing dye with alcohol, and mixing
dye with petroleum.
ACTIVITY NO.5

Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write your answer before the number.

A B
1. Stain a. Comes from oil cotton seed
2. Glue b. It is a colouring material which is
3. Linseed-oil applied to the surface of a wood
4. Copal gum to improved its appearance
5. Luc bug
c. It is a paste for wood materials.
d. Comes from resin of pine trees
e. It comes from the excreta of
insects.

LESSON 4: PROCESSES IN ENHANCING/DECORATING FINISHED PRODUCT

There are processes and treatments done on some materials before making them into
articles.

Treating Bamboos
1. Preserving and Treating Bamboos
There are various ways of treating bamboo to preserve its natural beauty. It is
called the resin-oil extraction method. It is done by either wet or dry process. In the
wet process, the bamboo is soaked overnight in a solution of 0.1% to 1.2% caustic soda or
carbonate of soda or boiled in this solution for 10-15 minutes. In the dry process,
bamboo poles are evenly heated over charcoal at a temperature of 49 C to 54 C for 20-
30 minutes.
2. Bleaching
Bleaching is the process of whitening or removing the colour by sunlight exposure,
air ventilation or by the use of chemical solutions.

3. Dyeing Bamboo Poles and Splints

Dyeing is the process of applying colour into the materials. The direct dyeing or
reactive dyeing method may be used. In direct dyeing, bamboo splints make sure of
vegetable dye. It is done by boiling water with dye and immersing the bamboo splints
until the desired colour is achieved. They are dried under the sun. In reactive dyeing,
the following materials are used: 30% of dye; salt is 30 grams per liquid and fixing agent
is 30 grams per liquid. The dye is dissolved in water and is diluted to the final volume.
The bamboo splints are soaked for10 minutes then salt is added and dyeing is continued
for an hour.
4. Pyrography
Pyrography is the process of burning designs of bamboo with hot wire. The electric
soldering iron is considered the best tool in pyrography.

ACTIVITY NO.6
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is the process of whitening or removing the colour by sunlight exposure.
a. Pyrography c. preserving
b. Bleaching d. dyeing
2. Process of burning designs of bamboo with hot wire.
a. Bleaching c. pyrography
b. Preserving d. dyeing
3. What is the process of applying colours into the material?
a. Dyeing c. pyrography
b. Bleaching d. preserving
4. What method of dyeing is done by boiling water with dye?
 a. Reactive dyeing c. bleaching
b. Preservative d. direct dyeing
5. In the dry process, bamboo poles are evenly heated over charcoal at a temperature of
49 C to 54 C for how many minutes?
a. 20-20 minutes c. 10-20 minutes
b. 30-40 minutes d. 5-10 minutes

ACTIVITY NO.7

Direction: Arrange the jumbled letters of fundamental processes in handicrafts.

_______________________1. CHLBGIANE

_______________________2. EDYIGN

_______________________3. YYGPAPORHR

_______________________4. GNIVRESERP

_______________________5. NGITAERT

LESSON 5:

A.Sketching - is the process by which an image is drawn in a loose

manner. It is a rough representation of an object, an idea, or a principle.
B.Shading - is the process of marking the inside of an outline to project
shadows or degrees of lightness and darkness
C. Outlining -is the process of making on the outer parts of any shape,
object or any figure by the use or lines

Tools and Instruments used in sketching, shading and outlining?

Drawing table – is made of wood ,measuring

26x 22 or 18x24 inches. The working edge is
straight and the surface is smooth.

T square – is made of wood, metal, or

plastic, and has two parts joined together in a
90 angle head and blade.

Triangles – These are used to draw vertical

and oblique lines, the most common of which
are triangles 45, 30, 60 and 90.
 Protractor – is a tool used to set off
measurements of angles and arcs that cannot
be made by triangles. It has a scale on the
outer side, starting from 0 to 180 from right
to left. The inner scale starts from 0 and up to
180.

Pencils These are tools used in drawing,

which come in different grades hardiness.
Pencils are classified according to number and
letter like B, B1,6B,HB and IH.

Compass- is used in drawing arcs and circles.

This is pointed and has a pencil at the end.

Divider – like the compass, this is used to divide

distances into two equal parts and to transfer
measurements and space, points or lines.

Activity No. 1

Identify the following. Write your answer on the blank provided.

1. A tool used to guide in drawing vertical and oblique lines. ______________________

2. It is made of wood that is used to guide in drawing horizontal lines._______________

3. A continuous mark made on a surface and connects a point into another._____________

4. It is used in drawing arcs and circles.___________________

5. It is made of wood ,measuring 26x 22 or 18x24 inches.___________________

Activity No. 2

Arrange the scrambled letter. Refer to the clue on the right side.

1. T O L U I N G N I _________________is the process of making on the outer

parts of any shape, object or any figure e by the use or lines

2. G N S A H I D _________________is the process of marking the inside of an

outline to project shadows or degrees of lightness and darkness

3. W G R N A D I _________________is an art represents objects or any form

on a surface s using lines.

4. K H C E S T G N I ________________is the process by which an image is

drawn in a loose manner.

5. IELN ________________ is a continuous mark made on a surface

and connects a point into another.