Discussion

Dip. AA (AU-MIT), Cohort 2, Group 4

SHI DA RA, MAY MYAT MOE SAW
SAI NAY TUN LIN, ZAY YAR LIN

Forces Affecting
Curriculum and
Instruction Since
Covid-19 to 2013
 Education structure of Myanmar

KG +10 KG +12

2017-2018 Academic year

Education structure of Myanmar

2017-2018 Academic year

 Curriculum of Basic Education in Myanmar

- Before 2017, the basic education curriculum using is an old version that reformed between 1995 and
1999.
- This outdated curriculum led to exam-oriented system.
- Teacher used to textbook based as well as Teacher-centered approach.
- Students used to rote-learning which prohibit the development of their creativity, critical thinking and
reasoning skill.
- That’s why the basic education curriculum reform was started to implement by the academic year
2016-2017.
- The reform process took “one standard one year for both basic and secondary school”, with
instructional training (the essential training of trainers, TOT) provided during the summer vacation.
The Timeframe of New Curriculum Reform
COVID-19 affected on Curriculum in Myanmar
(Challenges)
- Since COVID-19 outbreak, school is closed and the schedule of new curriculum is interrupt.
- Instructional training, also known as Trainer of Trainers (TOT) essential training, has transitioned
from face-to-face to online delivery. This transition has presented significant challenges for individuals who
are not proficient in using 3C technologies. Additionally, it poses difficulties for those residing in areas where
internet access is limited, making it challenging for them to participate in TOT sessions.
- Due to the absence of digital infrastructure in many areas, students are unable to pursue their
education.
- For families who can afford private education, they have the option to continue their education online.
This situation has exacerbated educational inequalities, leading to an increasing divide between social classes.
- Online education presents challenges in conducting laboratory lessons, necessitating adjustments to
the curriculum.
- Assessment also facing a great challenges: equitable access, reliability, and preventing cheating are key
concerns. Data privacy is crucial, and effective feedback and standardization remain challenging aspects of
online assessments.
 COVID-19 affected on Curriculum (Changes)

• The government has to face the problem of “enhance the country's digital infrastructure”.

• Schools are starting to complete their digital education system, thereby enabling students to access their

lessons with greater ease.

• The diversity and availability of online education have grown significantly, providing students and parents

with a broader range of options to pursue curriculum of their interest."

• Students have become increasingly accustomed to online learning. As a result of the prolonged exposure to

digital education methods, they have grown more comfortable with various online tools and resources.
 COVID-19 affected on Instruction

• Teachers are embracing new teaching methods, transitioning from traditional face-to-face instruction to online

modes.

• Schools are starting to complete their digital education system, thereby enabling students to access their

lessons with greater ease.

• The pandemic highlighted disparities in access to technology and the internet, affecting students' ability to

participate in online instruction.

• Instruction shifting from a teacher-centered to a student-centered one.

• Parents became more involved in their children's education, often assisting with remote learning.
Pre-COVID 19 situation of education in Myanmar

Curriculum Instruction Challenges

Pre- Covid Used stereotype The criteria for accessing

Situation of formal education exam scores and other
Education in system performances are clear based
Myanmar on face to face
communication
Pre-COVID 19 situation of education in Myanmar

Curriculum Instruction Challenges

Changed education --Facing difficulties in using online digital
system from Grade 10- interface
Grade-12 - Students can learn easily from various
Post- Covid
Criteria of University online learning platforms
Situation of Entrance Exam changes -Could not access students’ performance
exactly because of online learning
Education in
- Appearing affordable and qualitative
Myanmar education centers that do not need on site
campus
 References

1. Zaw Htet, Wint . “Basic Education Curriculum Reforms in Myanmar and the Role of Social Studies.” The

Journal of Social Studies Education in Asia, vol. 9, 2020, pp. 37–45.

2. Ministry of Education. (2015). Myanmar National Curriculum Framework (5th Draft) . The Republic of the

Union of Myanmar.

3. Ministry of Education. (2016). National Education Strategic Plan 2016-21, Summary. The Government of the

Union of Myanmar. Retrieved from

http://www.moe-st.gov.mm/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/NESP_20Summary_20-_20English_20-

_20Final_20-_20Feb_2023.pdf
Thanks!!!