SCIENCE 10

COVERAGE OF THE EXAM

MODULE 1
*NERVOUS SYSTEM
*ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
*REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
COVERAGE OF THE EXAM

MODULE 2
*DNA VS. RNA
*DNA REPLICATION
*TRANSCRIPTION
*TRANSLATION
*MUTATIONS
COVERAGE OF THE EXAM

MODULE 3
*EVOLUTION
*EVIDENCE FROM FOSSIL
RECORDS
*THEORIES OF EVOLUTION
TYPES OF EXAM

*MULTIPLE CHOICE
*MATCHING TYPE
*IDENTIFICATION
POINTERS TO REVIEW (MODULE 1-3

● Nervous System (Parts and Function)

● Neurons (Parts and Types)
● Endocrine System (Glands and Function,
Location of the Endocrine Gland,
Hormones Released)
● Nucleotides (Sugar,
● Nitrogenous Base Pairs
 POINTERS TO REVIEW
● DNA Replication (Okazaki fragment, Helicase, direction of
the DNA polymerase, Ligase, Genetic Code, Process)
● Transcription (Process)
● Translation (Cytoplasm, Process)
● Mutations
● Evolution
● Evidence from Fossil Records
● Theories of Evolution (Theory of Use and Disuse, Theory of
Natural Selection)
What is the basic unit of Nervous
System?

Neurons
A long fiber that carriers nerve impulses

Axons
A bundle of axons

Nerve Cell
Part of the neuron that
contains the nucleus

Cell body
TRUE OR FALSE. The neuron
cell is made up of axons,
dendrite, and nucleus.

TRUE
What are the two major
divisions of the Nervous
System?
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
 Under what part is the
autonomic nervous system?

Peripheral Nervous System

 Under what part is the
somatic nervous system?

Peripheral Nervous System

 In general, where does afferent
nerves carry sensory information?

To the central nervous system

Any factor in the environment
that may trigger a nerve
impulse.

Stimulus
It is a combination of electrical
charge and a chemical reaction

Nerve impulse
What is the function of Endocrine System?

It secretes hormones that are

transported to target cells by blood. It
causes changes in metabolic activities
and effects are prolonged
 Located at the base of the
throat, just inferior to the laryngeal
prominence (Adam's apple).

Thyroid Gland
Endocrine gland that is located
superior to the kidneys?

Adrenal Gland
How do hormones from the thyroid and
parathyroid regulate the calcium
concentration of the blood?

Parathyroid hormone lowers

blood calcium; calcitonin
raises blood calcium.
Stimulates growth and controls
the function of other glands

Pituitary Gland
Controls the Calcium levels in
your body

Parathyroid gland
Regulates body metabolism

Thyroid Gland
It enables the body to produce
antibodies

Thymus
Prepares the body for action

Adrenal Gland
Regulates blood sugar levels

Pancreas
 Influence female traits and
support reproductive function

Ovaries
Produces egg cells

Ovaries
 Site of egg fertilization

Oviduct or Fallopian Tube

Site of egg implantation

Uterus
Produces sperm cells

Testis
Carries sperm to the urethra

Vas Deferens
During DNA replication, Okazaki
fragments elongate from what
direction?

Lagging strand away from the

replication fork
Enzyme that separate the two strands
of DNA during replication

Helicase
DNA polymerase synthesizes from
what?

DNA in 5’ – 3’ direction
 DNA replication is ______

Semi-conservative and semi-

discontinuous
Fragments of DNA are joined together
by what enzyme?

Ligase
 Translation is the ____

Synthesis of protein from a

mRNA template
Where does translation occur?

cytoplasm
In DNA, Adenine pairs with ____

Thymine
What does a nucleotide in DNA is
composed of?

deoxyribose sugar, phosphate,

and nitrogenous base
The nitrogenous base are held
together by _______

Hydrogen bonds
Nitrogenous bases pairs with bases
that are _______

complementary
It has a double stranded structure

DNA
Has a single stranded structure

RNA
It is a process in which the DNA is
copied

DNA Replication
It is the process of copying DNA
sequence into RNA

Transcription
 It is the process of converting
information in mRNA into a sequence
of amino acids in a protein.

Translation
 A form of DNA produced by
combining genetic material form of
two or more different sources by
means of genetic engineering.

rDNA or recombinant DNA

Triplet code in tRNA

Anticodon
 Set of three nitrogenous bases in
mRNA that represent specific amino
acid

codon
Building blocks of proteins

Amino acid
Any change in the DNA sequence

Mutations