PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

QUANTITATIVE DATA-
COLLECTION TECHNIQUES

GROUP 6
 OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Familiarize yourself with the various data-collection techniques;

• Differentiate the various data-collection techniques;
• Know the uses or application of a data-collection technique; and
• Learn to construct various data-collection techniques
DEFINITION OF QUANTITATIVE
DATA

GROUP 6
Data is information known to people, and when
it's measurable and numerical, it's called
quantitative data. Quantitative data comes from
sensory experiences with measurable qualities
like age, shape, speed, etc., and is recorded
numerically, either discretely or continuously.
The usefulness of quantitative data depends on
its ability to answer research questions.
TECHNIQUES IN COLLECTING
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Collecting data is one major component of any
type of research.Therefore, when collecting
quantitative data, it's vital to prioritize the
accuracy and appropriateness of your data-
gathering techniques and the selection of the right
data collection instruments. The following are the
most used quantitative data-gathering technique.
(Matthews 2010; Badke 2012; Thomas 2013;
Woodwell 2014)
OBSERVATION

GROUP 6
Using your sense organs, you gather
facts or information about people,
things, places, events, and so on, by
watching and listening to them; then,
record the result of the functioning of
your eyes and ears.
Di r e c t obse rva t i on - B y s e e i n g, t ou c hi n g, a nd
he a r i ng t he sourc e s o f d a t a p e r s o na l l y, y ou e n ga g e
yo ur s e l f i n di re c t ob s e r v a t i on .

Ind i r e c t obse rva t i on - T he da t a i s g a t h e r e d no t

t hr o ugh your own e ye s a n d e a r s , bu t by m e a ns of
t e c hnol ogi c a l a nd e l e c t r oni c ga dg e t s l i ke
a u di o t a pe s, vi de o r e c or d s , a nd ot h e r r e c or di ng
de vi c e s. GROUP 6
SURVEY
Survey is a data-gathering technique
that makes you obtain facts or
information about the subject or object
of your research through the data-
gathering instrument of interview and
questionnaire.
QUESTIONNAIRE

GROUP 6
Quest ionnaire i s a pa p e r c o n t a i n i n g
series of questi ons formu l a t e d fo r a n
i ndivi dual and i ndepen d e nt a n s we ri ng
by several respondent s fo r o b t a i n i n g
st ati st i cal i nformat i on.

Quest ionnaire i s good fo r c o l l e c t i n g

data from a big numbe r o f re s p o n d e n t
si t uat ed i n di ffrent pl ac e .
GROUP 6
INTERVIEW
Su rv e y as a d a t a -g a t he ri ng
t e c h n i q ue l i ke wi se u se s i nt e rvi e w
a s i t s d at a-ga t h e ri n g i n st rume nt .
Si mi l a r to a qu e st i o nn a i re ,
i n t e rv i e w mak e s yo u a sk a se t o f
q u e st i o n, on l y t ha t , t hi s t i me , y ou
d o i t o ra l l y.

GROUP 6
ORDER OF INTERVIEW
QUESTIONS

GROUP 6
In aski ng i n t e rv i e w q uest i on do i t sequent i al l y: me a n i n g , l e t
y our ques t i o n s fo l l o w a cert ain order.

Fi rst set of que st i ons - ope ni ng que st i ons t o e st a bl i sh f r i e ndl y

r e lationshi ps.
Se cond se t of que st i ons - ge ne r a t i ve que st i ons t o e nc our a ge ope n-
e nded que st i ons.
Third set of que st i on - di r e c t i ve que st i ons or c l ose - e nde d que st i ons
t o draw out spec i f i c a nswe r s.
Fourth se t of que st i on - e ndi ng que st i ons t ha t gi ve t he r e sponde nt s
t he chanc e t o a i r t he i r sa t i sf a c t i on, wa nt s, l i ke s, di sl i ke ,r e a c t i ons, or
c omments a bout t he i nte r vi e w. GROUP 6
GUIDELINES IN FORMULATING
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
a . U se c le a r a n d sim p le la n g u a g e .
b . Av o id u sin g a c r o n y m s, a b b r e v ia tio n s, ja rg o n s, a n d h i g h f a lu t i n
te r m s.
c . L e t o n e q u e st i o n d r a w o u t o n ly o n e a n sw e r.
d. Express your point in exact, specific, bias-free, and gender-free language

e . G iv e w a y to h o w y o u r r e sp o n d e n ts wa n t th e m se lv e s to b e
id e n tifie d .
f . E sta b li sh c o n ti n u i ty o r f r e e flo w o f th e r e sp o n d e n t th o u g h ts b y
u sin g a p p r o p r ia t e f o ll o w- u p q u e stio n s
g . Ask q u e st i o n i n a se q u e n tia l m a n n e r ; d e te r m in e w h ic h sh o u ld b e
y o u r o p e n in g , m id d le , o r c lo sin g q u e stio n s.
GROUP 6
EXPERIMENT

GROUP 6
An experi me n t i s a s c i ent i fic met hod of col lect i n g d a t a wh e re b y
y ou gi ve t he s u b j e c t s a sort of t reat ment affecte d t h e s u b j e c t
a n d t o di s c o v e r t h e reasons behi nd t he effects o f s u c h
t reatment s o n t h e s u b j ects.

The proce s s o f c o l l e c t i ng data t hrough experi me n t a t i o n

i n volves s e l e c t i o n o f subj ect s or part i ci pant s, p re -t e s t i n g t h e
s u bj ect s p ri o r t o t h e appl i cati on of any treat men t o r c o n d i t i o n ,
a n d gi vi n g t h e s u b j e c t s post-t est t o determi ne th e e ffe c t o f t h e
t reatment o n t h e m.
GROUP 6
a. Treatment → evaluation

b. Pre-test → Treatment → Post-test

c. Pre-test → Multiple Treatments → Post-test

d. Pre-test → Treatment → Immediate Post-test → 6-

mos. Post-test → 1-yr. → Post-test
GROUP 6
TREATMENT, INTERVENTION, AND
CONDITION
These three words mean the same
thing in relation to
experimentation. These are the
terms to mean the things given or
applied to the subjects to yield
certain effects or changes on the
said subjects.

GROUP 6
CONTENT ANALYSIS

GROUP 6
 Content analysis is another
quantitative data-collection
technique that makes you search
through several oral or written
forms of communication to find
answer to your research
question.

GROUP 6
MEASUREMENT SCALES FOR
QUANTITATIVE DATA
In quantitative research,
measurement of data
expressed in numerical
forms form in a scale or one
that consist series of
graduated quantities,
values, degrees, numbers,
and so on.

GROUP 6
TWO CATEGORIES OF SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
• Qualitative scales of measurement

• Quantitative scales of measurement

GROUP 6
QUALITATIVE SCALE OF
MEASUREMENTS
Nominal Scale - show the classification of things based on a certain
criterion such as gender, origin, brand, etc.

GROUP 6
Ordinal Scale - indicates the rank or hierarchical order of things.

GROUP 6
QUANTITATIVE SCALE OF
MEASUREMENTS

GROUP 6
Interval Scale -differences or
intervals between points on
the scale in an arbitrary
manner (showing differences
in attitudes, inclinations,
feelings, ideas, fears, opinion,
etc.)

GROUP 6
Ratio Scale - rating
something from zero to a
certain point

GROUP 6
QUIZ TIME!
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The data is called _________ if it is

measurable and numerical.

A. Nominal data C. Quantitative data

B. Discrete data D. Qualitative data
2. Data gathering technique that makes you
obtain facts or information about the
subject/object of your research through the data-
gathering instrument of interview and
questionnaire.

A. Survey C. Observation
B. Experiment D. Questionnaire
3. James Joshua want to collect data from a big
number of respondents situated in different
place. What instrument of Data gathering
Techniques should James Joshua use?

A. Questionnaire C. Interview
B. Survey D. Observation
4. Data gathering technique that uses sense
organs to gather facts and information.

A. Experimental C. Content Analysis

B. Interview D. Observation
5. Jane ask the interviewee about his opinion
in the topic. Following the order of interview
question, what set of question jane used?

A. 3 set
rd
C. 2 set
nd

B. 1 set
st
D. 4 set
th
 • Interval Scale
II. IDENTIFICATION • Interview
• Experiment
6. Which of the following makes you ask questions orally?
7. What Data gathering Technique used scientific method • Content analysis
in collecting data? • Indirect Observation
8. These are the terms to mean the things given or
applied to the subjects to yield certain effects or changes • Treatment,
on the said subjects. Intervention, and
9.Which of the following gathered data through Condition
technology and electronic gadgets?
10. This allows you to search through several oral or
• Direct observation
written forms of communication to find answers to you
questions.
11. What scale that represent the differences among the
responses of the respondents.
III. ENUMERATION

12-13. Give the two categories of Scale of

Measurement

14-15. Give the two quantitative scale of measurement

Key To Correction
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C
III. ENUMERATION
2. A
3. A 12-13. Qualitative Scale,
4. D Quantitative Scale
5. C

II. IDENTIFICATION
6. Interview 14-15. Interval Scale, Ratio
7. Experiment Scale
8. Treatment, intervention, and condition
9. Indirect Observation
10. Content Analysis
11. Interval Scale