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N a id
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J a wa
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Banaskantha
PHYSICS
I N V E S T I G AT O RY
PROJECT
SESSION:2023-24
TOPIC
EM WAVES
& ITS
PROPERTIE
S
N a m e : - PATEL
KAVIN
C l a s s : - 12TH
SCIENCE
Ro l l N o . : -
G u i d e d By:-
MS.SONALI
C E RT I F I C AT E
T h i s is t o ce r ti f y t h a t
P roject/Dissertation e nti t l e d E M
wave s & its p ro p e r t i e s is a b o n a f i d e
w o r k d o n e by M r. Pa t e l K av i n o f
cl a s s 12TH ‘ S c i e n c e ’ S e s s i o n 2023-
2 4 in p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t o f C B S E ’ S
Examnination 2024 and has been
c a r r i e d o u t u n d e r m y direct
supervision and guidance. This
report o r a similar report on the
to p i c h a s n o t b e e n s u b m i t t e d f o r
a ny o t h e r e x a m i n a t i o n a n d d o e s
n o t f o r m a p a r t o f a ny o t h e r c o u r s e
u n d e r g o n e by t h e c a n d i d a te
I wo u l d l ike t o sincerely a n d
p ro f u s e ly t h a n k my Physics
t e a c h e r M s . S o n a l i Ku r u d e
M a m , P G T (Physics) f o r h e r
a b l e g u i d a n c e a n d vital
s u p p o r t in c o m p l e t i n g my
p ro j e c t . I wo u l d a l s o l ike t o
ex te n d my g ra t i t u d e t o o u r l a b
assisstant f o r p rov i d i n g m e
with all t h e facility t h a t was
re q u i re d .
Pa te l K av i n
X I I S ci e nce
INDEX
1) Introduction of EM Waves
2) Types of EM Waves
3) Electromagnetic spectrum
4) Characteristics of EM Waves
5) Uses of EM Waves
6) Bibliography
What are EM Waves?
causes heating
It is used for night vision and security cameras as
Ultraviolet
Dangers:
over-exposure to UVA and B damages
surface cells and eyes and can cause
cancer.
There is a problem with current sunscreens
which protect against skin burning from high
UVB but give inadequate protection against
free radical damage caused by UVA.
Dark skins are not necessarily safer from
harm.
Sun exposure for the skin is best restricted
to before 11am and after 3pm in the UK in
summer months.
Benefits:
o sanitary and therapeutic properties have a marked
effect on architecture, engineering and public
health and have done so throughout history.
o UVC is germicidal, destroying bacteria, viruses and
moulds in the air, in water and on surfaces.
o UV synthesises vitamin D in skin, controls the
endocrine system and is a painkiller.
o Used in state of the art air-handling units,
personal air purifiers and swimming pool
technology.
o Used to detect forged bank notes: they fluoresce in
UV light; real bank notes don’t. Used to
identify items outside visible spectrum areas,
known as 'black lighting'.
X. rays
X-rays detect bone breaks
X-rays pass through flesh but not dense material like
bones
Dangers: X-rays damage cells and cause cancers.
cancers
Gamma can be used to kill mutated cells though too.
Types of EM Waves…
Though the sciences generally classify EM waves into seven basic
types, all are manifestations of the same phenomenon.
• Radio Waves: Instant Communication.
• Microwaves: Data and Heat.
• Infrared Waves: Invisible Heat.
• Visible Light Rays: Light.
• Ultraviolet Waves: Energetic Light.
• X-rays: Penetrating Radiation.
• Gamma Rays: Nuclear Energy.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Once light was determined to have a wave nature,
experimenters looked to find and confirm the
wavelength of visible light. The wavelengths at which
the human retina is sensitive to are extremely small
and not easily detectable. The unit used for these
wavelengths is the nanometer (nm), where 1 nm = 10-
9 meters. Experiments determined that visible light has
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Pratical Manual
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