Sublimation

By JZ Chipasha
Outlines
1 What is Sublimation?
2 How substance undergo sublimation?
3 Iodine is an example of a substance that undergoes sublimation.
4Advantages and disadvantages of sublimation
5- What is Deposition?
6- uses of deposition
What is Sublimation
Sublimation is the process where a solid changes from a solid to a vapor
without passing through the liquid state.
How substance undergo sublimation?
Sublimation is an endothermic phase transition that occurs at temperatures
and pressures below a substance's triple point in its phase diagram.

In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and

pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) coexist in
thermodynamic equilibrium. A phase transition in which a solid is converted
to a gas, without passing though an intermediate liquid phase.
Dry ice" is actually solid, frozen carbon dioxide, which happens to sublimate, or turn to
gas, at a chilly -78.5 °C (-109.3°F). The fog you see is actually a mixture of cold carbon
dioxide gas and cold, humid air, created as the dry ice "melts" it mean
sublimates.

Sublimation

Deposition
Iodine is an example of a substance that undergoes sublimation.

 The outer test tube contains solid iodine that is being

gently heated.
 The inner test tube contains liquid water and ice.

 The iodine crystals at the bottom of the outer test tube change
directly to iodine vapor on heating.

 When the vapor reaches the cool surface of the inner test
tube, it goes directly from the gaseous to the solid state.
Advantages of sublimation

1 The main advantage of sublimation is for purification process.

2The minimum amount of product is loss.

3- Solvents are not used.

4 Most traces of any solvent in compound

are effectively eliminated.

5when the substance weighs less than 100mg the best method for purification
is sublimation.
Disadvantages of sublimation

1. Recovery may not be complete - the fumes may be blown away.

2. Non-sublimable agent may decompose under heat.

 Deposition
Desublimation refers to the process in which a gas changes directly to a solid
without going through the liquid state.
Deposition as a change of state often occurs in nature. For example, when warm
moist air comes into contact with very cold surfaces—such as the ground or
objects on the ground—ice crystals are deposited on them.
 Uses of deposition
Deposition is used widely to create materials in industry, especially to apply a
thin coating to materials used for cutting or shaping. Much research is
ongoing in the field of chemical vapor deposition, especially in the area of
materials used to cover polymers, and finding materials that are less harmful
to the environment.
References
1Fessenden R. J.; Fessenden J. S (2001). Organic laboratory technique. 3rd ed. USA: Kristine
Waller, pp.111-113.

2Mayo D. W.; Pike R. M.; Forbes D. C (2010). Micro scale Organic Laboratory: With
Multistep and Multiscale Syntheses. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, pp. 112 – 113..

3Mohrig, Jerry R. "Techniques in Organic Chemistry." 2010, W.H. Freeman and

Company