Chapter 5

Properties of
Matter
Vocabulary
Matter Solidify
Solid Dissolve
Liquid Temperature
Gas Solute
Boiling Point Soluble
Melting Point Insoluble
Expand Thermal conductivity
Solvent Electrical conductivity
Freezing Conductor
Insulator
Learning AIM

• Learn that gases have properties, such

as mass.
• Learn that the following are properties of
a substance: the temperature at which it
changes state, its thermal conductivity
and its electrical conductivity.
Lesson Trigger

What is happening to
the ice cream?

Does the same thing

happen to the cone of
the ice cream?
Pre-Evaluation
Knowledge Harvest
What is MATTER?
Matter is anything that takes up space.
Matter is made up of tiny particles called
atoms.
Matter is everywhere and everything.
Knowledge Harvest
Anything that has Mass and Volume
 Three states of matter
Matter can be found in three different types.
These three types are considered the three
STATES of MATTER

Solid Liquid Gas

 State of Matter - SOLID
A SOLID is matter that has a defined shape
and will not lose its shape.

Examples of solids:
1. Chair
2. Table
3. Golf Ball
4. Hockey Puck
5. Glass Jar

Fixed Volume And Fixed Shape

 State of Matter - LIQUID
A LIQUID is matter that will take the shape
of any container it is placed in, but has a
fixed volume.
Examples of LIQUIDS:
1. Water
2. Soda
3. Milk
4. Juice
5. Tomato Sauce

Fixed Volume and Indefinite Shape

 State of Matter - GASES
A GAS is matter that does NOT have a
fixed shape or volume, but will completely
take up all the space in a container.
Examples of GASSES:
1. Oxygen
2. Helium
3. Carbon Dioxide
4. Nitrogen
5. Carbon Monoxide

Most Gasses are Invisible!!!

The amount of
matter in a
substance is its
mass.
Does Gas have mass?

Gas is a state of matter.

So, substances that are

gases have mass too.
Activity
Complete the diagram to show if the inflated or
the deflated ball has a greater mass

A 1
B
Activity

Air has mass. The inflated ball has more air and
therefore has a greater mass than the deflated ball.

So the side with the Inflated ball (Left

side) of the balance goes down
Knowledge Harvest

Substances can change in state when

they gain or lose heat.

Different substances change in state at

different temperatures.

This is a property of a substance.

Lets Answer
How do substances change from one state of
matter to another?
Will ice melt if it is taken out of the fridge and kept
in a warm room?
Will a block of glass melt if it is kept in a warm
room?
Ice melts at 0°C. Do you think a block of glass
melts at the same temperature?
Melting point
Substance Melting point (°C)
Ice 0°C
Glass 1710°C
Silver 962°C

We see each substance change from solid to liquid

at different temperature.

Glass melts at higher temperature than

ice
Melting point
The temperature at which a substance
changes from solid state to liquid state is
known as the melting point.
Boiling point
The temperature at which a substance
changes from liquid state to gaseous state
is known as the boiling point.
Freezing point
The temperature at which a substance
changes from liquid state to solid state is
known as the freezing point.
 Different substance
have different freezing
and melting point.
THERMAL AND
ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVIT
Y
Learning AIM

Learn that the following are properties of a

substance: the temperature at which it
changes state, its thermal conductivity and
its electrical conductivity.
Lesson Trigger

What type of
material do you think
the gloves should be
made of? Why?
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal means “HEAT”

Thermal conductivity is the ability to conduct heat.

Thermal Conductors
Thermal conductors are materials which are good at
conducting heat. It allows heat to pass through it.

Examples are metals.

Thermal Insulators
Thermal insulators are poor at conducting heat. It does
not allow heat to pass through it.

Examples are wood, rubber and plastic.

Electrical Conductivity

Electrical conductivity is the ability to

conduct electricity.

Electrical conductors allow electricity to

flow easily.

Electrical insulators do not conduct

electricity.
Activity
Classify the materials into the correct groups.
fabric iron plastic rubber wood

Electrical conductors Electrical insulators

Activity
Classify the materials into the correct groups.

Electrical conductors Electrical insulators

iron fabric
wood
plastic
rubber
 Critical Thinking

Wearing a woollen jacket

can keep us warm. Why?

The woollen jacket traps a layer of air around

our body. Air is a thermal insulator. Heat from
our body will not be easily transferred to the
surroundings and this keeps us warm.
BOILING AND
EVAPORATIO
N
Learning AIM

Describe how boiling and

evaporation are different.
Lesson Trigger

We have learnt about

boiling and evaporation in
previous stages.

Is the water in the pan

boiling or evaporating?
 Knowledge Harvest

● If I keep a glass of water in the open under the Sun,

what will happen to the water level after some time?

● If I keep the same glass with the same amount of

water inside a refrigerator, will the water level
decrease?
BOILING &
EVEPORATION
BOILING
Boiling takes place when a liquid is
heated to its boiling point.

When a liquid is heated, it particles gain

heat and spread all across the liquid.
When the temperature reaches the
boiling point, the liquid boils.

Different substance have different

boiling point.

It’s a fast process.

BOILING

Water boils at 100C.

BOILING
Boiling can occur in nature

Sea floor Natural

Hot springs
vents geysers

We see it commonly occur by human causes

A tea kettle on a hot stove

EVAPORATION

Evaporation takes place at all

temperatures.

It happens only at the surface of

liquid.

Particles on the surface gain heat

and escape into surroundings.

It is a slow process.
EVAPORATION

Water in puddles and a

water glass unattended
at windowsill evaporates
when it gain heat from its
surroundings.
EVAPORATION
Sea water evaporating into the
atmosphere to form clouds.

Gasoline forming gaseous and

highly flammable vapours
around gas station.

A drying damp laundry on a

clothsline.
 BOILING &
EVEPORATION
Boiling Evaporation

Boiling occurs when a liquid Evaporation occurs at all

reaches its boiling point. temperatures.

Liquid changes to gaseous

Liquid changes to gaseous
phase at temperature below
phase at boiling point
boiling point

Boiling occurs throughout the Evaporation only occurs at the

liquid. surface of the liquid.

Bubbles are formed. No bubbles are formed.

Evaporation is a slow
Boiling is a fast process.
process.
ACTIVITY
Which beaker shows boiling?
Which beaker shows evaporation?

boiling

evaporation
CRITICAL THINKING

Can evaporation happen on a cold day?

If yes, Why?
 WRAP UP
Tick the correct box beside each
sentence.

True False

During evaporation, water on the surface boils

and changes into water vapour. ✓
Particles of a substance gain heat during both
boiling and evaporation. ✓
Changes in
matter
Changes in MATTER

Matter can go through two different types

of changes.

Types of Changes:
Physical
Chemical
Physical Changes in MATTER
A physical change in matter is when
matter changes its property but not it’s
chemical nature.
Physical Changes in MATTER
Although some properties (like shape, phase,
etc.) of the material change, the material itself
is the same before and after the change.

The change can be “undone.”

Examples: Changes in
1. Shape
2. Texture
3. Size
4. Dissolves
5. Breaks Apart
Chemical Changes in
MATTER
A chemical change in matter is when matter
becomes something completely new.
New matter is formed.
Chemical Changes in
MATTER
The substances present at the beginning of the
change are not present at the end; new
substances are formed. The change cannot be
“undone."
Examples: Changes in
1. Shape
2. Texture
3. Size
4. Dissolves
5. Breaks Apart
Examples of physical changes

● Melting an ice cube

● Shredding paper
● Evaporating alcohol
● Crushing a can
● Breaking a bottle
● Wood splitting
● Boiling water
● Sublimating dry ice
Examples of Chemical changes

● Burning wood
● Milk becoming curd
● Food digestion
● Cooking any food
● Baking a cake
● Rusting of iron
● Fermentation
● Photosynthesis