Classifying matter

2.3 Changing states & water cycle

Learning objective:
Describe the three states of matter as solid, liquid
and gas in terms of the arrangement, separation
and motion of particles. Describe the water cycle.
 Excellence
Complete all work set and always do your best.
Respect
Follow instructions, use kind words and let each other learn.
Passion
Engage in class activities.
Teamwork
Work together positively to help everyone achieve their potential.
Confidence
Ask for help if you need it.
Integrity
VAS Values Never copy. Never cheat. Honesty in all things.
National Pride
Be proud to be Vietnamese but speak English during Cambridge
lessons.
Please do these things during our online lessons
• Use a photo of yourself as your profile pic.
• Open your camera as far as possible.
• Be ready to open and close your mic.
• “Raise” your hand.
• Be active during discussions.

Please make sure that you are respectful to me and to your classmates.
Success criteria
• Take part in class discussions – this will help you know and use
key unit vocabulary.
• Make extra notes to help you remember important information
and vocabulary.
• Add diagrams / drawings to help you learn.
• Send photos of your work to Ms Alri, after the lesson.

It is truly important that all your work is together, in one book, so that you will have
access to everything you need to prepare for assessments.
• Use key words for changing states of matter.
• Identify the state of a substance based on its melting and boiling points.
• Explain the water cycle using key vocabulary.
• Use particle theory to explain what happens to substances when they
change state.
• Explain why temperature stays the same when a substance changes
state.
• Describe how the volume of a substance may change with change in
state/temperature.

Outcomes
 1. 2.

3.

4.
5. 6.

Starter - revision
https://www.yo
utube.com/wat
ch?v=v4X1GX
qKZ7M

Video time
States of matter
Changing states
Changing
Let’s begin!
states To
change
the state
of matter,
we add
energy
(heat) or
take it
away
(cold)…
Changing
1. As temperature
states increases, the particles
gain more kinetic
(movement) energy.
2. And move faster and
further apart from each
other.
3. Until they
overcome/break the
attractive force
between the particles.
Changing
states
In other words. As the matter changes state (from solid to liquid
and then gas), the particles move further apart from each other.
As the matter changes state (from gas to liquid and then solid),
the particles move closer to each other.
Changing Water can be found in any of
the three states – water, ice and
states water vapour.

How can
we
change
the state
of
water?
Changing
states
Draw the
diagram.
Remember to
use blue and red
for your arrows
(if possible).
SOLID TO LIQUID
melting
Melting solids
• Solids expand when heated.
• Adding thermal energy (heat) to a solid transfers energy to particles:
• More energy = more vibration.
• When enough energy is absorbed by particles, they vibrate so much
that some escape the strong forces that hold them in place.
• Particles can then move around as a liquid, sliding and moving past
one another.

energy
absorbed by
particles
LIQUID TO GAS
vaporizing
 Boiling liquids
• Particles touch each other in liquids, weaker attraction holding
them together.
• Particles absorb heat energy, and they can break attractive forces.
• Particles escape into the air as gas particles.

energy
absorbed by
particles
 Evaporation vs boiling

EVAPORATING BOILING
 Evaporation vs boiling
Evaporation Boiling
Occurs in any Occurs at boiling
temperature. point.

Take place on Take place

surface of liquid throughout the
only (no bubbles). whole liquid
(forms bubbles).
Slow process. Quick process.
GAS TO LIQUID
condensation
Cooling gases
• When gas particles cool down = they lose energy and slow down.
• Energy from particles transfers to surface.
• Particles get closer together and form a liquid.
• This process is called condensation.
energy
lost from
particles
 Liquid lava solidifying into solid
rock

LIQUID TO SOLID
freezing
Freezing liquids
• Heat energy from particles transferred to environment and
particles slow down.
• The cooler the liquid = the less particles can move.
• Cool a liquid down enough = they cannot move, just vibrate.
• Particles arrange in a fixed (not changing) pattern.
energy
lost from
particles
Lo: Describe the water cycle (limited to evaporation,
condensation, precipitation, water run-off, open water and
groundwater).

What about
run-off?
https://www.yo
utube.com/wat
ch?v=ncORPo
sDrjI

Video time
Water Cycle

The water cycle describes how water evaporates from

the surface of the earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools
and condenses into rain or snow in clouds, and falls
again to the surface as precipitation. The water falling on
land collects in rivers and lakes, soil, and porous layers
of rock, and much of it flows back into the oceans, where
it will once more evaporate.
 This is Hands up!

precipitation
_________________.
 What is the difference
between open (surface) water
and groundwater?
Surface water includes any body of water that is
above the surface – e.g. wetlands, stream systems,
and lakes. Groundwater exists in aquifers that are
situated underground. 
• Use key words for changing states of matter.
• Identify the state of a substance based on its melting and boiling
points.
• Explain the water cycle using key vocabulary.
• Use particle theory to explain what happens to substances when
they change state.
• Explain why temperature stays the same when a substance changes
state.
• Describe how the volume of a substance may change with change in
state/temperature.

Outcomes
States of matter
Quiz time
 This is Hands up!

evaporation
_________________.
 This is Hands up!

melting
_________________.
 This is Hands up!

_________________.
condensation
Changing
P
states
6.
g ev
lt i n ap
me fre or
at i on
on
ezi i
5. g n sat
en
nd
2. liquid co

Deposition
4.
1. solid sublimation
3. gas
Name the process

3. freezing

1. melting
2. evaporation

4. sublimation 5. condensation
Particle Theory
Matter describes all the different types of
substances found in our universe.

A substance can exist in one of three states:

1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas
Most substances can exist in all three states.

The state of a substance depends on the

temperature. Changes are brought about by
heating and _______.
_______ cooling
• The boiling point is when a liquid rapidly
changes into a gas.
• The _______
melting point is the temperature were a
solid becomes a liquid.
• The freezing point is the temperature where a
solid
liquid becomes a _____.
 Particles vibrate or
move depending on
how much ________
energy
they have.
Energy transferred
TO particles = they
move _________.
faster

energy
 Energy transferred
FROM particles = they
move _________.
slower

energy
 The energy of the
particles can
overcome the ______
forces
holding them together.
What state is it at room temperature (220C)?

What about
mercury?
States of matter
Revision
 Increasing energy of particles
SOLID LIQUID GAS

meltin evaporating
g

Heat it up!
 Decreasing energy of particles
SOLID LIQUID GAS

freezing condensing

Cool it down!
Measuring
Temperature
Measuring Temperature
• Use a thermometer.
• Liquid expands inside the thermometer when
it gets hotter.
• Read temperature from the scale.

What’s the measurement?

When a substance
changes state, from
example a solid to
liquid, the temperature of
the substance remains
constant at the melting
point of the substance -
even tough the amount of
energy being added gets
more.
For example, when ice
melts, the heat is used
to break the bonds
between the ice
molecules as they turn
into a liquid state.
Since the average
kinetic energy of the
molecules does not
change at the moment of
melting, the temperature
of the substance stays
the same.
• Measure volume and temperature.
• Use key words describing changes of state.
• Identify the state of a substance based on its melting and
boiling points.
• Use particle theory to explain what happens to
substances when they change state.
• Explain why temperature stays the same when a
substance changes state.

Outcomes
States of matter
Classwork
Coursebook questions – page 75-76

Coursebook:
Questions 1-6,
page 75-76

Complete
questions
1 to 6 in your
notebook.
Coursebook questions – page 75-76
Coursebook answers – page 75-76

correct
Mark and

your work.
States of matter
Homework
Workbook questions – page 48-50
Workbook:
Questions 1-7,
page 48-50

Complete
questions
1 to 3 in your
workbook.

Use the electronic copy of

the workbook for this.
Workbook answers – page 48-50

your work.
Mark and correct
Workbook answers – page 48-50
 States of matter
Optional (can do if you want)
Workbook questions – page 51 Optional.

Workbook:
Questions 1-3,
page 51

Complete
questions
1 to 3 in your
workbook.
Workbook answers – page 51
Optional.
 Experiment
Optional (can do if you want)
https://www.yo
utube.com/wat
ch?v=H7ikl9J6
6DQ

Video time
Difference in melting and boiling points
What is the effect of salt (dissolved in the liquid) on
melting and freezing points?
• Go and investigate this at home, and come and tell us…
• Remember to make it a fair test – only changing the amount
of salt.

What is the effect of salt (dissolved in the liquid) on Do all

liquids have the same melting and freezing points?
• Go and investigate this at home, and come and tell us…
• Remember to make it a fair test – only changing the type of
liquid.
That’s it for
now!!!

Vietnam Australia International School