Cluster 2

aratienza05130405
 SNAP CHAT

WHAT MATTERS MOST?

 The four basic aspects of the particle of the model of matter.

1. matter is made up of very small particles
2. matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving
3. there is empty space between the particles.
4. there are forces that act between the particles.
 Using this model, you were able to infer that the arrangement and motion of the particles
of matter, as well as the attraction between them change when they change from one
state to another.
 The particle model of matter can be explain the following phase changes: evaporation,
boiling, condensation, melting and freezing.
 Evaporation- is the process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state
due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure. Ex. Water turn to gas
 Boiling- the rapid vaporization of a liquid, which occurs when a liquid is heated to its
boiling point. (100 ºC)
 The action of bringing a liquid to the temperature at which it bubbles and turns to vapor or
gaseous state.
 When the water reach the boiling point the particles of water
moves fast.
 Condensation- change in the state of matter from
the gas phase to the liquid phase
 Melting- transformation process in which a solid is change to
liquid. Ex. Ice cubes turn to water
 Freezing- the process in which a liquid is changed to a
solid.
Ex. Water turns to ice
 Sublimation-is the transition of a substance directly from
the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate
liquid phase.
Ex. Naphthalene balls

 Science Learner’s module Grade 8 pages 178-190

Google.com, slideshare.com
 SNAP CHECK

When an ice cube left in a glass with water, what process takes place happen to an ice cube?

A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Freezing
D. Melting

A B C D

ANSWER: Melting transformation process in which a solid is change to liquid.

SNAP CHALLENGE

DIRECTION: Read the questions carefully and choose the Best answer.

1. What do you think is inside the bubbles that form when the water boils?
A. Gaseous state B. Liquid State
C. Plasma State D. Solid State

2. What happens to the particles of water as it reach the boiling point?

A. Move slow B. Move Fast
C. Remain in place D. No Reaction at all

3. If we put water inside the freezer and left it overnight. The liquid will turn into ___________.
A. Gas B. Liquid
C. Plasma D. Solid

4. Describe the process takes place when water is left in an open container for a long period
of time.
A. Evaporation B. Condensation
C. Precipitation D. Sublimation

5. What process takes place when a matter changes from gas phase to liquid phase?
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Sublimation
 Answer Key

1. A. Gaseous state because when the water boils, the action of bringing a liquid to the
temperature at which it bubbles and turns to vapor or gaseous state.

2. B. Moves fast because when the water is heated the tendency of kinetic energy will
move fast.

3. D. Solid because freezing is the process in which a liquid is changed to a solid.

4. A. Evaporation since, evaporation is the process of a substance in a liquid state

changing to a gaseous state due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure

5. B. Condensation because it is a change in the state of matter from the gas phase to
the liquid phase.

Prepared by:

Michelle B. Revalbos
Grade 8
Poten & Eliseo M. Quesada
Memorial National School
Disrict of Paete/Cluster 2

SNAP CHAT

TITLE: Solid, Liquid or Gas?

● Solids, liquids and gases can be identified using its properties.

● Some properties such as mass, volume, and density are common to all matter.
● The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object has.
● Volume is the amount of space that a substance or object occupies.
 Properties of matter
A solid
● has definite shape and a
fixed volume
● is very hard to compress
● is held together by
strong force
A liquid A gas
● takes the shape of the ● has no shape and no
container and has a fixed fixed volume
volume ●will spread throughout
● Is hard to compress any container or space
● flows available
● is slipping past each ● is easy to compress and
other can be compressed easily
● is moving freely in all
directions

REFERENCE: www.tessafrica.net
AIMS Multimedia Real World Science: Matter

SNAP CHECK

Which state of matter has no definite shape or volume?

A. Gas
B. Liquid
C. Plasma
D. Solid

A B C D

Explanation: (A) A gas has no shape and no fixed volume.

SNAP CHALLENGE

Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer in each question.
1. The measure of the space occupied by an object is called ____________.
A. Density
B. Mass
C. Volume
D. Weight
 2. Which state of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume?
A. Gas B. Liquid C. Plasma D.Solid

3. Which state of matter is represented in the diagram below?

A. Gas B. Liquid C. Plasma D. Solid

4. Select one property that liquids and gases have in common.

A. They can flow.
B. They have a definite shape.
C. They have a definite volume.
D. They cannot be compressed.

5. Mass and volume are examples of ____________.

A. characteristics
B. qualities
C. quantities
D. properties

Answer Key

1. (C) Volume is the space that a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or shape occupies or
contains.
2. (D) Solid has a definite shape and volume.
3. (A) Gas particles are moving freely in all directions.
4. (A) Liquids and gases can flow because the molecule are moving.
5. (D) Mass and volume are properties of matter.
Prepared by:
REYMERSON O. ABELLON
Kabulusan National High School (Main)
Cluster 2 / Pangil-Pakil District
 SNAP CHAT

METAL… METAL: What are the properties? How do we use it?

The physical properties of different metals make them useful for different purposes.
PROPERTIES OF METAL
 Luster- means metals are shiny.
Ex. Spoon
 Conductor- means heat and electricity can travel through. Metals are good
conductor.
Ex. If you heat water on the stove the pot becomes very hot. The metal pot
conducts heat, it allows the heat to travel through it.
 High density- meaning metals are heavy.
 High melting point- metals doesn’t melt easily.
Ex. You put butter in a pan and heat it on the stove. The butter melts, but the pan
doesn’t. Metals melt, but only at a very high temperatures.
 Malleable- can be hammered into different shape.
Ex. Think about clay. You can apply pressure and change it from a lump to a
pancake. Metals can also change shape by applying pressure.
 Ductile- can be drawn into fine wire because of free moving electrons which
enable the metal atoms to slide over each other.
 Corrosive- metals that is exposed to water and oxygen begin to rust.
Ex. A nail or tin can that is left outside in the rain will begin to rust and wear away.
Table 1. Metals Description and Use/s.
METALS DESCRIPTION USE/S
Copper (Cu) Soft metal Electrical wiring
Aluminum (Al) Silver metal Cookware, housing and building materials
Gold (Au) Soft metal Jewelry
Iron (Fe) Heavy type of Manufacturing of machine and equipment, housing
metal and building materials
Nickel (Ni) Hard metal Production of alloy
Silver (Ag) Soft metal Jewelry
Tin (Sn) Silver- white Use to coat other metals to prevent corrosion
metal

REFERENCES

www.bbc.co.uk
schools.bcsd.com
https://www.webelements.com
Science 9 LM and TG
Science 8 LM and TG
 SNAP CHECK

Directions. Read the questions carefully and shade the bubble of the letter of the correct
answer.

1. Which of the following property of metal can be drawn into fine wire?
A. Conductor
B. Corrosive
C. Ductile
D. Malleable

A B C D

Answer. C. Ductile. Ductile is one property of metal that can be drawn into wire, because of
free moving electrons which enable the metal atoms to slide over each other.

SNAP CHALLENGE

Directions. Read the questions carefully and shade the bubble of the letter of the correct
answer.

1. The following metals possess different properties. Which of these is most ductile?
A. Ag
B. Al
C. Au
D. Cu

A B C D

2. Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity?

A. Glass
B. Iron
C. Plastic
D. Wood

A B C D
 3. Metals doesn’t melts easily, it melts only at a very ______________.
A. High density
B. High temperature
C. Low density
D. Low temperature

A B C D

4. In manufacturing houses and buildings, which of the following metals can be best used?
A. Aluminum
B. Copper
C. Gold
D. Iron

A B C D
5. Which of the following metals are good source of jewelry?
I. Copper
II. Gold
III. Silver
IV. Tin

A. I only A B C D
B. II only
C. II and III
D. I and IV

Answer Key

1. C. Au - Gold is a soft metal wherein it can easily draw into wire.

2. B. Iron - Iron is a good conductor of electricity because it is heavy type of metal.
3. B. High Temperature Metals doesn’t melts easily, it melts only at a very high temperature.
4. D. Iron In manufacturing houses and buildings, iron can be used because it is heavy type
of metal.
5. C. II and III
Gold and silver are good source of jewelry because they are lustrous.

Prepared by:
Bianca Rose M. Adol
Grade 8 Science
San Juan NHS- San Antonio Annex
 SNAP CHAT

PARTICLES OF MATTER: WHAT IS BETWEEN YOU?

 Solids, liquids, and gases are made up of tiny particles which are too small to observe
with the unaided eye.
 There is nothing between the particles.
 The particles move and collide with each other and with the walls of container.
 There are forces that act between the particles.
PROPERTIES SOLID LIQUID GAS

Particle View

Acquires the shape of the Acquires the shape of the

Shape Definite
container. container.
Do not have a definite
Volume Definite Definite
volume.
Cannot easily be Cannot easily be Can easily be
Compressibility
compressed. compressed. compressed.
Particles cannot move Nudging one another as Particles move at random
around. They vibrate a they move. It move and directions very quick are
Movement
little but in fixed change positions but not able to move freely to all
positions. freely as those in gases. parts of the container.
Fluidity Not possible Can flow Can flow
Attraction between
Particles are held
Attraction particles is stronger than Negligible
together by strong force.
those in gases.

. REFERENCES Science – Grade 8 Learner’s Module

Unit 3, Module 1: The Particle Nature of Matter pp. 178-182

SNAP CHECK

Multiple Choice: Shade the bubble of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following can easily be compressed?
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Plasma

A B C D
Answer: C (Gas is easily compressed because there are large spaces between the
particles so the particles can be made to come closer to each other.)
SNAP CHALLENGE

1. Which characteristic of a gas prove the molecules are always moving?

a. It is light.
b. It is compressible.
c. It is usually not visible.
d. It leaks out of the container.

2. Solid has definite shape as well as definite __________.

a. Length b. Movement c. Volume d. Width

3. Which state of matter has a definite volume and takes the shape of a container?
a. Gas b. Liquid c. Plasma d. Solid

4. The three states of matter differ because of the arrangement and motion of the
______________.
a. Matter b. Particles c. Phases d. Properties

5. This matter has a fixed shape and volume with particles closely packed together with
little movement. It is a _______________.
a. Gas b. Liquid c. Plasma d. Solid

1. D. It leaks out of the container. A gas spreads because the attraction between particles
is negligible.
2. C. Volume. Solid have definite shapes and volume because the particles are packed
closely together in fixed positions.
3. B. Liquid. There are attractions among the particles of liquid which hold them together
although not in fixed positions.
4. B. Particles. The arrangement and motion of the particles in each state will be useful
for distinguishing among the states of matter.
5. D. Solid. Solid has a fixed shape and volume with particles closely packed together
with little movement.

Prepared by:

DIANE G. DE CASTRO
San Juan National High School
Cluster 2- Grade 8 (Chemistry)
 SNAP CHAT

HOW HEAVY AM I?
ATOM – tiny basic building block of matter. All the material on earth is composed of
various combinations of atoms.
HISTORY OF THE ATOM
DEMOCRITUS – 460 BC develops the idea of atoms, he pounded up materials in pestle
and mortar until he had reduced them to smaller and smaller particles
which he called Atoma.
JOHN DALTON – he suggested that all matter was made up of tiny spheres that were
able to bounce around with perfect elasticity and called them Atom.
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Atoms are made of smaller particles, called electrons, protons, and neutrons. An atom
consists of cloud of electrons surrounding a small, dense nucleus of protons and neutrons.
Electrons and protons have a property called electric charge, which affects the way they interact
with each other and with other electrically charged particles.

ELECTRON (e-) – were discovered by Sir J.J. Thompson. Electrons are tiny, negatively
charged particles around the nucleus of an atom.
PROTON (p+) – was discovered by e. Goldstein. Proton has 1 unit mass. Proton have a
Positive electrical charged particles.
NEUTRON (0) – was discovered by Sir James Chadwick. The neutron is slightly heavier
than a proton. Neutron is electrically neutral elementary particle that is part
of the nucleus of the atom.
Table 1. Some properties of the three main subatomic particles
Subatomic particles Charge Mass, grams Location in the Atom
(symbol)
Electron (e-) -1 9.109 x10-28 Outside Nucleus
Proton (p+) +1 1.672 x 10-24 Nucleus
0) -24
Neutron (n 0 1.675 x 10 Nucleus

REFERENCE
Ma. Christina D. Padolina, Ph.D.etal (2005). Conceptual and Functional Chemistry
Modular Approach .pages 60-65. Vibal Publishing House Inc.
Maria Helen D.H. Catalan Ph.D., “Science Learner’s Module” Grade 8 pages 191-205
Vibal Publishing House Inc. FirstEdition, 2013

Slide Share (Structure of an Atom) Made by Niharika S. Pande & Priyanka S. Pawar
 SNAP CHECK

Multiple Choice: Shade the bubble of the correct answer.

1. The first part of an atom to be discovered was the

A. Electrons
B. Neutrons
C. Nucleus
D. Protons

A B C D

- The English Physicist J.J. Thompson discovered the electron, a fundamental part of an
atom in 1897.

SNAP CHALLENGE

Multiple Choice: Shade the bubble of the correct answer.

1. Atom are composed of three types of particles EXCEPT:
A. Electrons B. Neutrons C. Photons D. Protons

2. What is the atomic mass of an element if this element have a proton of 9, electron of
10 and neutron of 10?
A. 9 B. 19 C. 20 D. 29

3. Which subatomic particles have almost the same mass?

A. Electron and Neutron C. Photon and Electron
B. Electron and Proton D. Proton and Neutron

4. The location of this subatomic particles is outside nucleus

A. Electrons B. Neutrons C. Photons D. Protons

5. These are the four basic aspects of the particle model of matter EXCEPT:
A. Matter is made up of very small particles
B. There is empty space between the particles
C. There are particles that act between the particles
D. Matter is made up of particles that are constant by moving
 Answer Key

1. C. Photon– because photon is a tiny particle of light and the three subatomic
particles of atom are the following, electron, proton, and neutron.

2. B. 19–Atomic mass is equal to the sum of protons and neutrons in the

nucleus of an atom.

3. D. Proton and Neutron– The massive part of the atom, comes from the
masses of the proton(1.672 x 10-24) and neutron (1.675 x 10-24) tightly
packed together toform nucleus in the center of the atom. Thus, most of
the mass of the
atom is contained in its nucleus.

4. A. Electron- were discovered by Sir J.J. Thompson. Electrons are tiny,

negatively charged particles around the nucleus of an atom.

5. C.There are particles that act between the particles

- because the 4th correct aspect of the particle model of matter is
“There are forces that act between the particles?”

Prepared by:

RONALD M. SERRANO
Grade 8
Balian National High School
Pangil District/Cluster 2
 SNAP CHAT

HOW HEAVY IS YOUR PROTON,

ELECTRON AND NEUTRON?

 Protons, Neutrons and Electrons are three sub- atomic particles present in the atom
 Proton is a positive charge particle
 Electron is a negative charge particle
 Neutron has no charge or neutral
 When neutron and proton combine in an atom, they will form the atomic mass of the
element.
 Electron surrounds the orbitals of the nucleus
 The mass of the atom depends on the on the neutron and proton located on the center.
 Protons and neutrons are collectively called nucleons
 The nucleons are tightly packed together in the nucleus of an atom, thus the mass of
the entire atom is the central part.
 Electrons being the lightest among the sub atomic particles, its mass is considered to
be negligible.

ELEMENT PROTON ELECTRON NEUTRON ATOMIC

MASS
OXYGEN 8 8 16 16
HELIUM 2 2 4 4
PHOSPORUS 15 15 30 30
GERMANIUM 36 36 72 72

REFERENCES

Science Learners Module for Grade 8,

Unit 3, Module 2; Atoms; Inside Out
pp 191-196
 SNAP CHECK

Considering the number of electrons in Helium is 8, what will be the number of

protons?

A. 4
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

A B C D

EXPLANATION: D.The number of protons in an atom is THE SAME as the number of

electrons.

SNAP CHALLENGE

Direction: Read the questions carefully and choose the BEST answer.
1. How many protons are there in Boron if the number of electrons is 5?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

2. What do you call the central part of the atom?

A. Electron
B. Neutron
C. Nucleus
D. Orbitals

3. Which of these corresponds to the mass of the atom?

A. Electrons and Neutrons
B. Protons and Neutrons
C. Neutrons and Protons
D. Nucleus and Electrons
 4. Which of the following is the lightest among the parts of an atom?
A. Electron
B. Neutron
C. Nucleus
D. Proton

5. When protons and neutrons combine they will make the?

A. Atomic Electronegativity
B. Atomic Mass
C. Atomic Number
D. Atomic Radiation

Answer Key

1. D, The number of electrons is the same number of protons.

2. C, Nucleus is the central part of the atom.
3. B. Protons and Neutrons corresponds to the mass of an atom
4. A, Electrons is the negative charge of an atom wherein the mass is almost
negligible.
5. B. The positive sub atomic particles in an atom makes up its mass.

Prepared by:

EDDIE P. UBIDENCIO
Poten and Eliseo M. Quesada MNHS- Papatahan Annex
Cluster II/ Paete District
 SNAP CHAT

Periodic Table of Elements

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by

their atomic number(number of protons), electron configurations, and recurring chemical
properties. This ordering shows periodic trends, such as elements with similar behavior in the
same column. It also shows four rectangular blocks with some approximately similar chemical
properties. In general, within one row (period) the elements are metals on the left, and non-
metals on the right.

The rows of the table are called periods; the columns are called groups. Six groups
(columns) have names as well as numbers: for example, group 17 elements are the halogens;
and group 18, the noble gases. The periodic table can be used to derive relationships between
the properties of the elements, and predict the properties of new elements yet to be discovered
or synthesized. The periodic table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior,
and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences.
 Dmitri Mendeleev published in 1869 the first widely recognized periodic table. He
developed his table to illustrate periodic trends in the properties of the then-known elements.
Mendeleev also predicted some properties of then-unknown elements that would be expected
to fill gaps in this table. Most of his predictions were proved correct when the elements in
question were subsequently discovered. Mendeleev's periodic table has since been expanded
and refined with the discovery or synthesis of further new elements and the development of
new theoretical models to explain chemical behavior.

All elements from atomic numbers 1 (hydrogen) to 118 (ununoctium) have been
discovered or synthesized, with the most recent additions (elements 113, 115, 117, and 118)
being confirmed by the IUPAC on December 30, 2015: they complete the first seven rows of
the periodic table.[1] The first 94 elements exist naturally, although some are found only in trace
amounts and were synthesized in laboratories before being found in nature. Elements with
atomic numbers from 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories or nuclear reactors.
Synthesis of elements having higher atomic numbers is being pursued. Numerous
synthetic radionuclides of naturally occurring elements have also been produced in
laboratories.

References

http:www.slideshare.com
Science 8 Learners Materials
Science 8 Teachers Guide
 SNAP CHECK

Direction: Encircle the correct answer:

1. Elements in the periodic table are arranged by...
A. Atomic Number
B. Atomic Weight
C. Number of Neutrons
D. Chemical Reactivity

Answer: A. Atomic Number. The elements in the periodic table are organized by atomic
number. Hydrogen (H) and helium (He) make up the top row of the periodic table at numbers
one and two, respectively. The atomic number represents the number of protons and electrons
in a neutral atom.

SNAP CHALLENGE

Direction: Encircle the correct answer:

1. Which of these things are NOT listed in the periodic table?

A. Element Name or Symbol
B. Atomic Weight
C. Atomic Orbital Radius
D. Atomic Number

2. Which scientist came up with the concept of a periodic table?

A. Jason Priestly
B. Dmitri Mendeleev
C. Antoine Lavoisier
D. Albert Einstein

3. In Periodic table, Alkaline earth metals are found in _________

A. Group II
B. Group III
C. Period II
D. Period III

4. In periodic table, non-metals are found in the

A. right hand side of periodic table
B. left hand side of periodic table
C. top of periodic table
D. bottom of periodic table
5. Symbol of Magnesium is _____.
A. Hg
B. M
C. Mg
D. Mn

Answer Key

1. C. Atomic Orbital Radius

2. B. Dmitri Mendeleev
3. A. Group II
4. A. right hand side of periodic table
5. C. Mg

Prepared by:

IVILYN GRACE A. BATHAN

Teacher I – Lumban National High School
Cluster- II

SNAP CHAT

WHERE ARE THE ELEMENTS?

 The Modern Periodic Table organizes elements in such a way that information about
elements and their compounds are easily revealed. The horizontal rows is periods. The
vertical columns of the periodic table is called groups, identify the principal families of
elements.
Group 1 as alkali metals
Group 2 as alkaline earth metals
Group 17 as halogens
Group 18 as noble gases
 Group 13 to 16 are named based on the first element found in their families.
Group 16 is called oxygen group
Group 18 is Noble Gases
Group 3 to 12 constitutes as transition elements.
The lanthanides and actinides are special elements.
 The physical properties of metals include luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity.
Metals vary in reactivity. The most reactive metals will react even with cold water while
the least will not react with acid. The ease and speed with which a metal reacts with
another substance is called its reactivity.
 We can use the periodic table to identify the known elements as metals, nonmetals, and
semi metals or metalloids.

Reference: Science Grade 8 Learner’s Module

 SNAP CHECK

Read the statement carefully. Shade the letter of the best answer.
The Modern Periodic Table is a listing of all of the ______.
A. elements
B. mass
C. periods
D. rocks

A B C D

Explanation: The Modern Periodic Table organizes elements in such a way that information
about elements and their compounds are easily revealed. The horizontal rows is periods. The
vertical columns of the periodic table is called groups, identify the principal families of elements.

SNAP CHALLENGE

Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the correct answer

1 Which of the following belongs to halogens family of elements?
A. Bromine
B. Hydrogen
C. Neon
D. Silver

2. How many periods are on the periodic table?

A. 4
B. 7
C. 9
D. 10

3. Consider as the most reactive family of metals is the_______.

A. Alkali metals
B. Alkaline metals
 C. Transition metals
D. Semi metals

4. If a substance breaks easily, it is said to be ______.

A. Brittle
B. Conductive
C. Ductile
D. Magnetic
5. Which of these are Non Metal
A. Copper
B. Neon
C. Iron
D. Nickel

Answer Key

1. A. Bromine
Reason: Bromine is located in group 17 in periodic table of elements which is considered
as halogen group.
2. B. 7
Reason: The periodic table of elements composed of 7 horizontal rows or periods.
3. A. Alkali Metals
Reason: The characteristic of alkali metals is highly reactivity with other materials.
4. C. Ductile
Reason: Ductile is properties of metal means capable of being bent or pulled.
5. B. Neon
Reason: Neon is element belong to noble gases group.

Prepared by:
ANATIE N. PORCIUNCULA
Teacher I
Kabulusan National High School