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MATTER
Is made up of
Can be
particles:
elements, Can be solid,
atoms,
compounds or liquid or gas
molecules or
mixtures
ions
Occupies in a
volume in Has a mass
space
Physical Volume Density Shape Fluidity
state
Solid Has a fixed high Has a definite Does not flow
volume shape
DIAGRAM
In a liquid, the particles are still close together. However, the particles are not regularly
arrange and move around/past each other.
CHANGES IN STATE
Water: solid, liquid and gas
Water can be a solid (ice), a liquid (water), and a gas (water vapour or steam).
The thermometer shows 0°C When the water is heated its The thermometer stays at
until all the ice has melted. temperature rises, and some 100 °C while the water
So 0 °C is called its melting of it changes to water boils off. 100 °C is the
point. vapour. This change is called boiling point of water.
evaporation.
KEY WORDS
• Melting point (m.p)=the temperature at which a solid
turns into a liquid
Freezing point
Kinetic Particle Theory
of Matter
The main points of the kinetic theory
• Particles are moving all the time (the higher the temperature, the
higher the average energy of the particles).
MELTING EVAPORATION
When the temperature is raised, the In the liquid, some particles have
particles gain energy and vibrate enough energy to escape from the
more strongly; the particles occupy surface – evaporation takes place. As
more space – this causes the solid to the temperature rises, more particles
expand. have enough energy to escape –
evaporation is faster at higher
temperatures.
Topic Questions
Diffusion
Particles mix by colliding with each other and bouncing off in all direction.
This mixing process is called Diffusion.
The overall result is the flow of particles from where there are more
concentrated to where there are less concentrated, until they evenly
spreads out throughout the place.
• Particles mix by colliding with each other and bouncing off in all
direction. This mixing process is called Diffusion.
• The overall result is the flow of particles from where there are more
concentrated to where there are less concentrated, until they evenly
spreads out throughout the place.
• Diffusion does not take in place in solids as the particles cannot move
from place to place
Diffusion in Liquid
Diffusion of Gases
A few drops of liquid bromine are put
into a gas jar and the lid is replaced.