ST.

PETERS HEALTH AND

VOCATIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTE

MATTER
 MATTER
• Matter- is anything which occupies space and it has
mass or weight

• STATES OF MATTER
• SOLID- is the state in which matter maintains a fixed
volume and shape
• LIQUID- Is the state in which matter adopts to the
shape of its container but varies only slightly in volume
• GAS- Is the state in which matter expands to occupy
the volume and shape of its container
 The conversion of matter from one state to another

• How does matter change from one state to

another?
• Matter changes state when energy is added or
taken away. When matter is heated enough,
the molecules move faster and with greater
energy. ... If enough heat is added, a
solid can become liquid and a
liquid can become gas.
What is the interconversion of states of matter?

• All matter can move from one state to

another. This is known as interconversion of
the sttes of matter. Matter can change from
one state to another when specific physical
conditions change– i.e. temperature and
pressure of the substance.
 What are the 4 changes of state?

• Freezing: liquid to solid.

• Melting: solid to liquid.
• Condensation: gas to liquid.
• Vaporization: liquid to gas.
• Sublimation: solid to gas.
• Deposition: gas to solid.
 State the physical changes of matter

• A physical change involves

a change in physical properties. Examples
of physical properties include melting,
transition to a gas, change of strength, change
of durability, changes to crystal form,
textural change, shape, size, color, volume and
density.
 Types of physical changes
• include boiling, clouding, dissolution, freezing, freeze-
drying, frost, liquefaction, melting, smoke and
vaporization.
• Boiling Liquids. ...
• Clouding and Condensation. ...
• Dissolution or Dissolving. ...
• Freezing or Solidification. ...
• Freeze-drying or Lyophilization. ...
• Frost Formation. ...
• Liquefaction Changes.
 Boiling Liquids

• Boiling uses heat to change a liquid to a gas.

This occurs when the liquid reaches the
temperature at which the vapor pressure
equals the pressure of the gas above the
liquid. At this temperature, or boiling point,
the vapor bubbles up from the liquid.
 Clouding and Condensation

• Clouding occurs when a substance condenses

from a gaseous state to a liquid state. Of
course, one example of this change is actual
cloud formation where water vapor in the sky
condenses into water droplets.
 Dissolution or Dissolving

• Dissolution, or dissolving, is the process of a

solid or liquid forming a solution in a solvent.
Pouring sugar into a hot cup of coffee is an
everyday example of dissolution.
 Freezing or Solidification

• Freezing, or solidification, is the withdrawal of

heat from a substance to change that
substance from a liquid to a solid. The
temperature must be below the substance's
freezing point for the change to occur. Turning
water into ice using a freezer is an example of
this physical change.
 Freeze-drying or Lyophilization

• Freeze-drying occurs when warming a frozen

substance in a vacuum to reduce the
surrounding pressure, allowing the frozen
substance to sublime. Freeze-drying is useful
for preserving perishable materials like fruits
or vegetables. Other names for this change
are lyophilization and cryodesiccation,
 Frost Formation

• Frost, or icing, occurs when the surface of a

solid cools below the freezing point of water
and below the dew point of adjacent air. You
can observe frost on window panes and
blades of grass in the winter.
 Liquefaction Changes

• Liquefaction is the process of converting a gas

or solid into a liquid through condensation,
melting or heating. Liquefaction is the change
that occurs in the ground, causing it to move
in waves.
 Melting or Thawing

• Melting, also called fusion or thawing, occurs

when heat or pressure increases the internal
heat of a solid to the melting point, resulting
in the solid changing into a liquid. Ice left out
on the counter turning into a puddle is an
example of this physical change.
 Smoke Formation

• Smoke is a hot vapor containing liquid

particles, gases and carbonaceous matter from
the air. Smoke occurs as the result of a
combusted material mixing with the air.
Smoke is also a by-product of fires.
 Vaporization: Boiling, Evaporation and Sublimation

• Vaporization is a physical change in which a

liquid or solid becomes a vapor or gas. The
three different types of vaporization are
boiling, evaporation and sublimation.
 Examples of Physical Changes

• Crushing a can.
• Melting an ice cube.
• Boiling water.
• Mixing sand and water.
• Breaking a glass.
• Dissolving sugar and water.
• Shredding paper.
• Chopping wood.
 Chemical Change.
• Chemical changes occur when bonds are
broken and/or formed between molecules or
atoms. This means that one substance with a
certain set of properties (such as melting
point, color, taste, etc) is turned into a
different substance with different properties
 Examples of Chemical Changes

• Burning wood.
• Souring milk.
• Mixing acid and base.
• Digesting food.
• Cooking an egg.
• Heating sugar to form caramel.
• Baking a cake.
• Rusting of iron.
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