Changes Of State

Changes Of State
 A substance changes state
when its thermal energy
increases or decreases
significantly.
 Three frequently observed
changes to states of matter
are melting, freezing, and
vaporization.
 Melting
 Melting is the change in state
from a solid to a liquid.
 Most pure substances begin to
melt when they reach their
“melting point” which is the
temperature which they turn into
liquid.
 When a substance melts the
particles vibrate so fast they
break free of their fixed position
of the solid.
 Substances usually melt by
taking in heat from the
environment.
 Freezing
 Freezing is the change from a liquid into a
solid.
 The reverse of melting.
 When a substance begins to freeze they
begin to take on fixed positions to form a
solid rather than vibrate more freely in a
liquid.
 When the temperature of the liquid begins
to drop down to the point where it begins
to form a solid the liquid has reached its
“freezing point” or the temperature that is
required for it to freeze.
 The freezing point of water is 0 C, or 32
 Vaporization
 The change in state from a liquid to
a gas.
 Vaporization occurs when a liquid
gains enough energy to move
independently enough to form a gas.
 When vaporization is occurring on
the surface of a liquid it is called
evaporation.
 Boiling point- the specific
temperature a pure substance begins
to boil.
 Example- Water boils at 100 C, or
212 F at sea level.
Condensation
 The opposite of vaporization is
condensation.
 During condensation particles lose
enough thermal energy to form a
liquid.
 A cloud is water in a vapor form
that has condensed into the liquid
and forms shape of a cloud in the
sky.
 Sublimation
 Sublimation occurs when
surface particles gain enough
energy to become a gas.
 During sublimation particles
do not transition from a solid
into a liquid, instead they
move directly from a solid
state into a gas state.
 Example: dry ice moves
directly from a solid to a gas
at room temperature
 Group Members:
 Jeffry Canani
 Ramcys Jhon
Castillo
 Gian Cuizon
 Benideck Demol
 Jasper Escala