GROUP 2

NURSERY ESTABLISMENT
 GROUP 2 2

AUBREY JANE S. GICOM 1 MARK RAZEL P. SISONA 2 JESA TINAMBACAN 3

• Site selection • Nursery construction • Seed and seed bed

• Seed sowing • Bag filling and lay-outing preparation
• Prickling seedlings or • Water and fertilization • Preparation of Stem cuttings
rooted cuttings • Hardening • Weeding
• Pest and disease control
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Topic 1: Site selection

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Select and ensure that the site is:

REPORTE
R1 • Level gently sloped
REPORTER
2
• Bench terraced (where % slope is greater than 4 –5%)
REPORTER
3
• Weed free (especially perennial weeds) Sheltered from strong winds

• Accessible - for ease of transport

• Has permanent/reliable water source Nursery bed construction

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Topic 2: Nursery construction

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Nurseries are places where seedlings are raised for planting purposes. In the nursery the
REPORTER young seedlings are tended from sowing to develop in such a way as to be able to endure the
1 hard field conditions. Whether local or introduced species, nursery seedlings are found to
REPORTE have better survival than seeds sown directly in the field or through natural regeneration. So
R2 nursery seedlings become the planting material for plantations, whether these plantations are
REPORTER for production, protection or amenity.
3
Things needed to start nursery:
• Location
• Soil
• Water
• Labor
• Nursery tools
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Topic 2: Nursery construction

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REPORTER Nursery layout varies as per the types of plants to be raised, the facilities to be
1 provided, and the topography of the site chiefly in the case of nursery established
REPORTE on terraced land. While constructing nursery, site should be surveyed and
R2 demarcated and then all the trees , shrubs and stumps are to be cleared. After
REPORTER clearance, lay out of nursery is designed. Terraces should be constructed and leveled
3 to design specific size of beds.
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Topic 2: Nursery construction

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REPORTER
1
REPORTE
Nursery bed construction
R2
REPORTER
3 • East - West Direction to avoid direct
overhead sun
• Bed width should be 1m (3 ft) for ease of
nursery operations
• The length can vary as per the need
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Topic 3: Seed and seed bed preparation

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Seed
REPORTER • New coffee seed should be planted as soon as possible after harvest. The
1
longer it is stored, the lower the percentage of germination and the smaller the
REPORTER
2 plants will be at the time of transplanting.
REPORTE
R3 PREPARATION OF SEED BED
• A seedbed/seedling bed is the local soil environment in which seeds are
planted.
• Seedbed is used to increase chances of germination
• Soil of seedbed needs to be loose, smooth and without large clumps. Large
clumps, uneven depth would make plant depth random.
• Loose soil provides aeration and space for root growth
• Seedbed preparation is done by secondary tillage through use of harrow and
cultivators
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Topic 3: Seed and seed bed preparation

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SOWING THE SEEDS IN SEED BEDS
REPORTER Preparing the seed plot
1 • Choose a small plot, quite flat, with light and rich soil. It is best to prepare a plot which
REPORTER is near a small stream, because watering will be easier.
2 • Till the soil fairly deeply, to more than 30 centimeters. Break all the lumps of earth so
REPORTE that you get a fine tilt.
R3 • Put in some old, well-decomposed manure, to make the soil contain more humus.

Sowing
• Make beds of soil 1.2 meters wide.
• Leave a little path of 60 centimeters between one bed and the next, so that you can
walk between the beds.
• Take a piece of string and mark out little furrows in each bed.
• Leave 8 centimeters between one furrow and the next.
• Sow your seeds in each furrow, leaving 4 centimeters between one seed and the next.
• Do not push the seed in too deeply, otherwise it will not have enough air.
• Put the beans in flat, with the groove downward.
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Topic 4: Seed sowing

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R1
Pre-sowing seed treatment by azospirillum and phosphobacterium
REPORTER
2 can be done. Seeds are sown in December-January in the bed 1.5 to
REPORTER 2.5 cm apart with the flat side downwards in regular rows. They are
3 covered with a thin layer of fine soil and also a layer of paddy straw.
Water the beds daily and the protect from direct sunlight by an
overhead pandal. Then, seeds germinate in about 45 days after which
they are transplanted to a secondary nursery bed for raising ball or
bag nursery.
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Topic 5: Bag filling and lay-outing

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REPORTER
Growing Coffee Seeds in Polybags
1
• Polybags, are commonly used and filled with a mixture of topsoil, well rotted cattle
REPORTE
R2 manure, course sand, gravel, coffee pulp, and coffee husks . A ratio of three parts top
REPORTER soil to one part course sand and one part cattle manure is often used. A top dressing
3 of nitrogen is applied by applying 20g urea in 5.0 L of water per meter of bed.

BENEFITS OF POLYBAG
• Keeps Roots Healthier
• Economical
• Good Air Circulation
• Proper Drainage
• Environmentally Friendly
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Topic 5: Bag filling and lay-outing

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1
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R2
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3 Once pregerminated, the coffee seedlings are planted in nursery beds containing soil
consisting of well rotted cattle manure (10-20 liters per meter) and phosphate fertilizer
(100 g per meter). Nursery beds should be built to be 1 meter wide and 50 cm deep and
seedlings are spaced between 12-15 cm apart (for 20 cm tall plants) or 20 cm apart (for
30-40 cm tall plants)
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Topic 6: Preparation of Stem cuttings

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• Stem cuttings are the most commonly used method of vegetative propagation.
REPORTER • A stem cutting is plant stem including a tip (e.g. shoot, twig, sucker, ) or a portion of a stem without
1 the apex that includes one or more nodes removed from a parent plant and capable of rooting;
REPORTER • A stem cutting is used to grow a whole new plant, which is also known as cloning (because you are
2 creating an exact copy of the parent plant, a clone).
REPORTE
R3 Preparation of stem cuttings
• Only semi-hard wood portion of the stem is used.
• With a grafting/budding knife, cut off the tip of the selected orthotropic branches 15 days before
cuttings are taken.
• The branches are cut into short segment of 7-10 cm in a length, consisting of 1 node and 2 leaves
which are also cut into half or one-third.
• Cutting of the leaves may be in a different shapes in order to differentiate ong various C. canephora
clones.
• The upper portion of the cutting must be cut as close as possible to the axils of the leaves in order to
check growth of extra-axillary buds.
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Topic 7: Prickling seedlings or rooted cuttings

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Pricking out’ means separating out seedlings growing together and

REPORTE transferring them into their own plugs or pots of potting mix. Start pricking
R1
out as soon as the seedlings are big enough to handle.
REPORTER
2
REPORTER Make holes in the potting mix with your finger, a pencil or something similar.
3 Lift each seedling carefully, only ever handling them by their leaves, never the
delicate stems. Carefully feed the roots right down into the hole then gently
firm the seedling in. You can bury some of the stem if the seedlings are
looking a little leggy and drawn. This will help to support them.

Once you’re done, water the seedlings with a watering can or hose fitted with
a fine rose. Don’t worry too much if the seedlings get a little flattened, they’ll
soon recover.
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Topic 8: Water and fertilization

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If you water daily, the beans should germinate in two to four months. When
REPORTER they've germinated, carefully remove them and plant each one in well-draining,
1 acidic soil. Water twice a week. A healthy coffee plant requires more than just
REPORTE nutrients. Its acidity also needs to be at an optimal pH level, which is between
R2
4.9–5.6 pH. Between these levels, the plant is better able to absorb nutrients,
REPORTER
resulting in more coffee cherries and less pest and disease-related issues.
3

Coffee trees need a lot of potash, a lot of nitrogen, and a little phosphoric acid.
Spread the fertilizer in a ring around each coffee tree, but be very careful not to
put any on its trunk, branches or leaves. If you do, the fertilizer will burn the
coffee tree.
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Topic 9: Weeding
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• Weeds are a major problem in many crops and coffee is not an exception. They infest
REPORTER these crops in nurseries to established plantations where a large number of perennial
1 and annual weeds grow.
REPORTER • The commonly found weeds in coffee include; pig weed, blackjack, gallant soldier
2 Mexican marigold, wandering jew, nutgrass, love grass, couch grass, star grass just to
REPORTE mention a few.
R3 • The removal of weeds is called weeding. -Weeding protects the plants from pests and
helps in loosening of soil so that roots of the desired plants can penetrate easily.

Methods to control your weeds

 Mowing and Cutting
 Weed Pulling
 Stabbing
 Mulching
 Girdling
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Topic 10: Pest and disease control

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REPORTE
R1
The best way to prevent pests and diseases is through good farm management.
REPORTER Variety choice, shade management, selective pesticide use, and plant nutrition are
2 important considerations. Monitoring is a key part of keeping coffee plants
REPORTER disease- and pest-free. Monitoring pests and diseases at field level helps prevent
3 large outbreaks and minimize chemical control. Specific guidelines for
monitoring vary from country to country
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Topic 11: Hardening

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REPORTER Shading and hardening

1
REPORTE • Put a shade at 1.2 m (4 ft) above the poly bed
R2 • Provide dense shade initially
• Harden seedlings by gradually reducing the shade
• Reduce shade by half when seedlings are 8 –9 months old
• Remove shade completely one month before transplanting.

Once the seedlings have established a good root system, they can be
transplanted to a polyethylene bag and placed in a nursery to harden.
Hardening means exposing them to their growing environment and allowing
the plants to adapt so that they may grow healthy and resistant to pests and
diseases.
Thank you for
listening!