TVE - Q2 Lesson
LESSON 10 – PUTTING UP A NURSERY FOR
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
 Putting up a nursery for ornamental plants is an
important part of ornamental gardening.
 Nursery – this is where different kinds of
ornamental plants are planted and grown until they
are ready to be transferred into the garden.
- Plants of any kind can easily be raised and
propagated.
- Before placing a plant on the nursery, 3 leaves should be on the
plant.
Factors to consider in putting up a nursery:
1. LOCATION – choose a place where there is
continuous supply of water. You need to water
your plants regularly to grow. Soil should be moist
all the time.
2. TYPE OF SOIL
- Loam type of soil is needed by most plants to
grow healthy. It is rich in organic matter and can
easily be drained.
3. SHED FOR PROPAGATION – a nursery must have a
shed for seedlings and young plants to grow.
- It protects the plant from rain and strong winds.
- Without a shed, the seedlings and young plants
may be exposed to strong sunlight.
- Too much light can burn the plants.
4. SPACE FOR EQUIMENT AND TOOLS – tools and
equipment are important in all nursery works; they
are always used every day.
- For proper up keeping and maintenance, allot a
space for all tools and equipment so that they
are properly kept.
- This can be small room or cabinet where they
are kept. Keep the tools and equipment in their
place before and after use
5. GERMINATING BOXES, POTS AND PLOTS
- Make a simple layout for the proper location of
germinating boxes, pots and plots in the
propagation shed.
- Arrangement can be – all germinating boxes are
in one area, all pots in another area and all plots
in another area.
- Arrange together plants of the same kind or
type whether these are in the germinating
boxes, pots and plants. This way it is easy to
locate them.
- There is a need to create paths in between the
boxes, pots and plants for easy care of the
plants, like watering, weeding, cutting off dried
leave and applying fertilizers.
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Activities in the nursery
1. Seed selection and storage – some plants grow on
seeds and it is important to collect healthy and
robust seeds that are not diseased and blemish or
decay free.
Seeds should be clean and should be dried properly
and stored in baskets or containers where they
cannot be eaten by insects or animals.
2. Plant seeds or cuttings
- Beginning of the rainy season – most suitable
time to plant.
- Seeds must be sown in germinating boxes or
pots before the summer so they grow and ready
to transplant at the start of the rainy season.
3. Caring for the seedlings include the following:
a. Watering them regularly – This is important to
keep the soil moist all the time.
- Plants grow fast in moist soil.
- Watering should be done in early in the
morning or late in the afternoon to lessen
the rapid evaporation of water.
- In germinating seeds, keep the soil moist.
b. Weeding- remove the grass or weeds that
appear around the seedlings.
Weeds compete with young plants for nutrients
from the soil. Sometimes, the weeds grow
faster than the plants. Remove it immediately.
c. Inspect the seedlings everyday – look for signs
of pests and diseases. Treatment should be
done immediately when signs begin to appear.
d. Adding fertilizer – use fertilizer to enrich the
soil.
If seedlings show some yellowing, sprinkle with
water that contains dissolved fertilizer.
e. Trimming and pruning
- Trimming and pruning are used
interchangeably.
- Pruning – when you are removing the dead,
loose or infected branches or stems from its
respective plant.
- Trimming – occurs when you are cutting back
overgrown plants.
4. Translating- transfer budding plants in individual
pots, plastic bags or in the ground.
Plastic Containers – use clay loam type of soil
mixed with manure and compost and top it with
rice hulls.
The best time to transplant seedlings is late in the
afternoon. Also when it is cloudy and cool.
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Tools used in the Nursery
1. Spade – used in mixing soil
2. Shovel – used for removing gravel and for weeding
3. Spading fork – used for digging and mixing manure
4. Rake – used for leveling and gathering leaves and
manure
5. Sprinkler – used for watering the plants
6. Trowel – used for planting seedlings and for
cultivating
7. Sprayer – used for spraying insecticides
8. Light Hoe – used for weeding loose paths and beds
9. Measuring Tape – used for measuring plots
10. Wheel borrow – used for carrying tools and soil
11. Sharp Knife – used for cutting
12. Pruning Shears – a special kind of scissors for
cutting twigs and branches.
WAYS OF PROPAGATING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
1. SEXUAL PROPAGATION – seeds are planted until
they grow into seedlings. Useful for:
- those who need a large amount of seedlings
with different varieties
- nurseries that need a large seedling
population to be used as rootstocks
Steps followed in planting seeds:
Step 1: Choose seeds that are healthy, robust,
without damage and uniform in size and shape.
Step 2: Before seeds are planted in the plant box,
they need to be soaked lightly in water. Soil should
also be mouse.
Step 3: To plant seeds in the seed box, measure
the rows and distance between seeds.
2. ASEXUAL PROPAGATION – roots, cuttings,
branches, twigs or leaves are planted and grown
into new plants.
2 Asexual methods of propagation:
a. Artificial asexual propagation
b. Multiplying naturally in different ways
Types of artificial asexual propagation:
a. Cutting
- A cutting any vegetative part of the plant
which is capable of regenerating when
removed from the mother plant.
- It is normally identical with the mother plant.
Types of cuttings:
o root cuttings
o stem tip cuttings – most common method
which is taken from the branch of the
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plant. Stem is cut below or above the
node.
o bud cuttings
o leaf cuttings
b. Marcotting or air layering – similar to cutting
method except that rooting occurs while the
branch is still part of the mother plant.
c. Grafting – done by joining the scion (top
portion) with the rootstock in order for them to
unite and grow.
d. Budding – process of inserting the bud (scion) of
a selected branch into the bark of a stock.
e. Layering – involves the use of the root as a
propagative material by twisting it up until it
buds and becomes another plant.
- Layering uses small branches or twigs which
are twisted down and covered with soil, with
the bud portions coming out.
- The new plant is cut off for transplanting
when rooting is established.
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Types of multiplying naturally in different ways:
a. Suckers – a stem or a shoot that comes out from
the lower portion of the plant.
Examples: Bandera Espanola and Bird of
Paradise
b. Runners above the ground – slender branches
that come out of the base of the mother plant
and become new plants.
Examples: McArthur plant and strawberry
c. Rhizomes or creeping stems – these produce
roots along their surface.
Example: ginger plant
d. Bulbs – consist of modified leaves that are
folded around each other.
Examples: lily and onion
e. Rootstocks – these are reproduced by division.
This is done by separating some of its roots.
Example: orchid
f. Leaves – when leaves come in contact with
damp soil, the leaves germinate into tissues and
become a new plant.
Examples: begonia and succulents
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LESSON 11 – CARING FOR PETS AT HOME
 Caring for pets at home is a popular pastime for
kids.
 It helps one understand and communicate with
animals as pets.
 One also learns to be affectionate, patient and
gentle to animals.
Importance of taking care of pets:
1. It can be a good form of hobby for family
members.
2. It develops traits of kindness and patience in
family members who take care of pets.
3. It develops emotional stability. People tent to be
calm and happy when they are with their pets.
4. It provides be companionship especially those
who are alone or lonely.
5. It helps one to understand further the
characteristics, needs and nature of animals.
6. It keeps the home safe and happy as when dogs
watch the house against intruders, cats catch
mice, birds give out happy tunes.
7. It can be a livelihood by breeding and selling
some for extra income of the family.
Different animals raised as pets
 The most popular animals raised all over the world
are dogs, cats, birds and fishes.
 Unusual animals raised are monkeys, snakes and
lions.
Some of the pets you will love to raise:
1. Dogs of different breeds e.g. golden retriever,
dalmatians, german shepherd, chichuahua, terrier,
maltese, Japanese spitz, shitzu, dachshund etc.
2. Birds like lovebirds, pigeons, mynah, parrots etc.
3. Fish like goldfish, arowana, Oscar, clown knife,
angel fish, hammerhead, gar etc.
4. Cats of different breeds – siamese cat most
popular. Cats are more quiet and gentle and come
in variety of colors – white, brown, bleach or
combination of two or three colors.
5. Other animals like hamster, guinea pigs and
rabbits.
A. Caring for dogs
- Dog make the people around them feel better
- Dogs are man’s best friend.
- Scientific findings show that pet owners tend to have
lower and more stable blood pressure than non-pet
owners.
- It warms the heart of the owner when he or she is
greeted by his pet enthusiastically when he comes
home.
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What do dogs need?
1. Balanced diet – when dogs are given unbalanced
diet, the dogs’ coat can grow rough and coarse
and, in some cases, even fall out in patches
leaving unsightly bald spots. This is common to
dogs fed too much chicken bones.
There are a lot of available dog food in the market
that provide a balanced diet for your dog.
2. Veterinary Care – visit veterinarians at the
earliest possible opportunity because dog at a
young age are prone to some life-threatening and
contagious diseases that can easily be prevented
through vaccination.
3. Socialization – introduce dogs to outdoor world
by taking it for a walk.
Once the dog’s vaccination is complete, it can
interact with other dogs.
4. House Training –It is helpful to maintain a regular
feeding schedule. After which the dog may want
to go to the toilet. It may walk in circles, sit by
the door, sniff the ground or become generally
restless. Do not shout or spank the dog as this
would instill fear and will affect its learning.
5. Proper Grooming
a. Teething – limit the damage to shoes slippers
and other by providing chewing toys and
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functional snacks. Continue to offer this as it roundworms, hookworms, whipworms,
grows older to clean plaque from its teeth. tapeworms.
b. Skin and Coat
 Keep your dog on a leash or inside a fence
Long-haired breeds will need brushing
 Check your pet for fleas and ticks
everyday.
 Don’t let your dog eat chocolate, it can poison
Short-haired breeds can brush only once a
them
week.
 Have your pets vaccinated to prevent diseases
Grooming may allow the owner to regularly
 Train your dog
check for fleas, ticks and other problems.
 Take your dog for a walk to make them relaxed
Dog’s skin is much thinner than human skin
and healthy.
and therefore sensitive.
 Give your pets lots of love.
Use shampoo and soap formulated for dogs
and bathe them once a week.
c. Eliminating Ticks and Fleas
If dog appears to be excessively scratching or
keeps biting its skin, the dog may have ticks
(garapata or pulgas). This is common during
summertime.
Ticks and flease are effectively controlled and
prevented through flea treatment including
collars, shampoos, powder and sprays.
Keep the dog’s surroundings clean.
d. Preventing Worms
Ask your veterinarian about deworming
treatments to ensure that the dog is free of
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B. Caring for Fishes in the Aquarium Fish Feeding – different available for different
- Aquarium in your home provide a means of fishes:
relaxation just by looking at different fishes inside it Fish Feeds
with their colorful features and different sizes and Small Pellets, flakes
Large Kataba, feeders, worms
shapes. Arowana, Other Insects, small lizards
- It helps beautify your home. Big Fishes
- Helps improve ambiance in the area. Dried worms
- As a means of pastime, helps an individual develop a
- Fishes require regular feeding schedule which
sense of responsibility, caring and patience.
should be followed religiously.
- Sometimes, fishes are sensitive on their feeding
Kinds of Freshwater Fish
habit. They should be fed on time and sufficiently,
- There are different kinds of fish that can be raised in
otherwise, they may acquire diseases or die from
an aquarium.
lack of nutrient.
- Comes in different sizes, color, shape and texture.
- Consult a pet store owner when choosing fish that Setting up an Aquarium
are easy to raise and do not require too much time A. Things needed in putting up an aquarium:
Fish Description
and expenses.
Optional Complete set for different sizes of
- Popular fishes raised in aquariums: Acquarium Set aquarium
Oscar gar Aquarium (types size ranging from 5 to 20
gold fish fire eel of aquarium)
gallons
flower horn clown knife Filter Tank size and capacity depend on the size
angel fish hammerhead of the aquarium
janitor fish shovelnose Water / Motor this also depends on the size of the
Pump aquarium
snakehead tiger fish Pebbles / Stones
tetra Plants (9 live and - for decorative purposes
plastic) - live plants help supply oxygen in
the water
Driftwoods, large - serve as decorations
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stones, - provide home and breeding places on what type of fish can live together in the
customized for small fishes aquarium.
caves, castles etc
Bubble tubes - to help supply oxygen for the fish 3. Avoid mixing big and small fishes, bigger fish
Flourescent - provide better lighting for your may eat smaller ones especially if bigger fishes
lighting acquarium are hungry.
Water treatment 4. Try to raises fishes of the same size so they
can live harmoniously.
5. The type of fish especially its size will
determine the size of the aquarium. Smaller
fishes can be placed in small or large aquarium.
Big fish or fast-growing fishes in larger
aquarium for growth and ease of movement.
6. The type of filter tanks and water pumps are
determined by the size of the aquariums.
Smaller aquarium uses smaller tanks and
pumps. Bigger ones require larger tanks and
powerful pumps. Consult your pet shop for
suggestions.

Steps to Follow in Assembling the Aquarium

B. What fish to consider in starting an aquarium:
1. Decide on what fish to raise. Fishes differ in
size, color, appetite and temper or
aggressiveness.
2. Avoid aggressive fishes to be placed together
in one aquarium, especially territorial fishes
because both fish can be violent to one another
and may kill each other. Consult your pet shop
1. Clean the aquarium with plain water from top to
bottom.
2. Check for leaks or cracks on the side and bottom
of the aquarium.
3. Assemble the necessary parts: pumps, filter
tanks, bubble tubes and hoses as directed in the
manual.
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4. Place pebbles, stones and other decorations Water treatment: chlorine neutralizer, iodine
inside the aquarium. Make your own design to solution and water clearer (follow dosage)
make it attractive. b. Clean the water tank regularly or depending on
5. After decorating the place, fill the aquarium with the clarity of water.
tap water slowly and carefully so as not to disturb c. Do not overfeed the fishes because unconsumed
the pebbles and decorations inside. feeds may cloud the water.
6. After filling the aquarium with water, install the d. In replacing the water in your aquarium, drain 30-
necessary tanks, pumps, hoses and fittings into 50% of water from your aquarium, the replace it
the aquarium as directed in the manual. with tap water from the faucet.
7. Test pumps, tanks and hoses for leaks. e. Use foam or cloth in cleaning the aquarium.
8. Apply the necessary water treatment in your f. Regularly check to see if the water pump works
aquarium. Strictly follow the dosage needed. well and in good running condition.
9. Allow solution to mix thoroughly with the g. Avoid overuse of water solutions to your
aquarium water. aquarium, follow the directions indicated in the
10. Start the water pump to help the mixture of bottle.
solution and water run for 5 to 10 minutes before
placing the fish.
11. Place the fish slowly in the aquarium and
observe them as they adapt to their new
environment.
12. Place the fluorescent light on top of the
aquarium to provide better lightning and glow to
your whole aquarium.
Cleaning and Maintaining the Aquarium
a. Use only plain water. Don’t use detergents and
other chemicals.
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C. Caring for Cats
- Cats are loved by many because of their skill in
catching rats and mice.
- Cats are quiet type of pets, sweet and loved to be
touched.
- Cats are soft and tender bodies covered with fur.
- They are warm-blooded animals.
- They eat fish, rice and meat.
- It belongs to the family of lion, leopard and lynx.
- Just like other domesticated pets, cats also need
attention and proper care.
Domesticated - tame and kept as a pet
What Do Cats Need?
1. PROPER NUTRITION
- Cats are said to be mouse-eaters but mouse
alone cannot supply the needs of the cat.
- Cats usually eat foods that come from owner’s
leftover foods. It contains nutrient but not
enough to supply the needs of the cats.
- Just like dogs, cats need balance diet. The
should contain necessary nutrients like
carbohydrates, protein, fats and other
minerals essential for growth and health.
- There are commercially prepared foods for the
cats but homemade foods are also
recommended.
2. HOUSE
- Cats don’t need cages but mat is needed for
them to sleep on.
- The mat should be kept clean and well-
maintained because cats usually bring their
food in their place.
3. HOUSE TRAINING
- It is recommended to train the cat in doing
things by keeping a schedule for feeding and
toilet training.
- Cat’s mess has a terrible odor.
- Don’t spank the cat or rub its face to the mess
because it will not help it learn.
- Clean the mess immediately and brush it with
soap and water to remove the smell.
4. CARE OF SKIN AND COAT
- Cats commonly have three colors- black,
white, brown or combination of two or three.
- Cats do not take a bath.
- They have their own style of cleaning their
body using their tongue.
- Just like dogs, brushing also depends on the
length of the hair.
- Long-haired breeds should be brushed
regularly
- Short-haired breed only once a week.
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D. Caring for Pigeons
E. Caring for Lovebirds
F. Caring for Guinea Pigs
G. Caring for Hamsters

Major Type Descriptions, Examples, Types

1. 
2. 1.
3. 