Math - Q2 Lesson
ORDER OF OPERATIONS or MDAS Rule
(Multiplication, Division, Addition and Subtraction)
1. Starting from left to right, multiply or divide first.
2. Next add or subtract as you move from left to
right.
FACTORS are the numbers that we multiply.
It is number that is multiplied by another to get a
product.
Note: Factors are smaller than the given number.
Math - Q2 Lesson
PRIME NUMBERS are numbers that have only two
different factors. It is 1 and the number itself.
COMPOSITE NUMBERS are numbers that have 3 or
more different factors.
 0 has endless factors
 1 has only 1 factor
 Therefore, 0 and 1
 A famous Greek mathematician, Erastothenes,
discovered way to find prime and composite
numbers.
PRIME FACTORIZATION
 It is a process wherein composite numbers can
be expressed as a product of all of its prime
numbers.
 We can use factor tree or perform continuous
division or decomposition
Factor Tree is a diagram that will help us get the
prime factors of a composite number.
DIVISIBILITY RULE
General Rule: a number is divisible by another
number if division of the first number by a second
number gives a remainder of zero
1. A number is divisible by 2 if it is an even number
Example:
22 is an even number, so it is divisible by 2.
2. A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is
divisible by 3
Example: 123
1 + 2 + 3 = 6; 6 is divisible by 3, therefore 123 is
divisible by 3.
3. A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by
its last two digits (the ones and tens) divides
exactly by 4.
Example: 112
12 ÷ 4 = 3, therefore 112 is divisible by 4.
Math - Q2 Lesson
4. A number is divisible by 5 if the ones digit is either 18 and 36
0 or 5. 9: 1, 3, 9
Examples: 16: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
50 ends in 0 so it is divisible by 5 GCF: 1
60 ends in 5 so it is divisible by 5
2. Prime factorization method - get the prime
5. A number is divisible by 10 if the ones place is 0. factorization of each number, then get the product of
Example: 140, 50, 1790 are divisible by 10 the common prime factors.

To divide two groups into smaller groups of equal a. Using factor tree
number, find the common factors of the two numbers.
GREATEST COMMON FACTOR (GCF) - greatest common
factor of the two numbers is the largest of all the
common factors.
Different methods of identifying GCF:
1. Listing Method - list down all the factors of each 16: 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
number. Then pick the largest common factor. 24: 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
Example: Common prime factors: 2 x 2 x 2 = 8
16: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 GCF of 16 and 24: 8
24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
Common factors: 1, 2, 4, 8 b. Continuous division or decomposition - divide the
Greatest common factor: 8 given numbers by a common prime factor
GCF of 16 and 24: 8 repeatedly until there is no common prime factor
between the two numbers anymore.
Note: If the GCF is only 1, then the numbers are called
RELATIVELY PRIME. Just continue dividing the number by a prime
factor until we get the quotient of 1.
Example: Find the common factors and the greatest
common factor
Math - Q2 Lesson
The product of the prime factors used to divide is
the greatest common factor.

2 3

2 4 2 6

2 8 2 12

2 16 2 24

Get the product of the common prime factors = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8

GCF of 16 and 24: 8

MULTIPLES of a number can be obtained by

multiplying the number with the set of counting
number. It involves skip counting.
Note: Multiples are bigger than the given number.
LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM) – involves listing
down the multiples of the given numbers, then pick the
smallest common multiple.
1. Listing Method
Example

2. Prime Factorization:
Example:
LCM of 12 and 36
12: 2 x 2 x 3
36: 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
Math - Q2 Lesson
Multiply the common factors (2,2,3) and remaining
factors (3)
2 x 2 x 3 x 3 = 36
So, the LCM of 12 and 36 is 36.

3. Continuous Division:
Example:

NUMERATOR shows the shaded part or part being

considered.
DENOMINATOR shows the total number of parts of the
whole or the set.
FRACTION is used to show part of a whole, part of a set or
3 KINDS OF FRACTIONS
part of a number line.
1. PROPER FRACTIONS – when the numerator is smaller
than the denominator.

2. IMPROPER FRACTIONS – when the numerator is

greater than the denominator.

3. MIXED FRACTIONS - has a part that is a whole number

and a part that is a fraction.
Math - Q2 Lesson
2. The quotient is the whole number.
3. Put your remainder as the new numerator.
4. Then copy the same denominator.

How to change a mixed number to an improper fraction? SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS

1. Multiply the whole number and the denominator.
2. Add your answer to the numerator.
3. Put your new number over the denominator (put your
new number as the new numerator then copy the
same denominator) SIMPLIFY means to reduce a fraction to its simplest or lowest
form.
SIMPLEST FORM when:
- The numerator and denominator do not have any
common factors besides 1 or when the only common
factor between the 2 or more number is 1.
How to change an improper fraction to a mixed number?
1. Divide the numerator with the denominator - The numerator is 1
Math - Q2 Lesson
- The numerator is 1 less than the denominator (counting
order).

WRITING FRACTIONS IN SIMPLEST FORM

1. Find the GCF or greatest common factor of the numerator
and denominator.
2. Divide both the numbers by the GCF.

ADD or SUBTRACT SIMILAR FRACTIONS

To add or subtract fractions with like denominators:

- If the denominators are already the same, then you’re
ready to add or subtract.
- Add or subtract the numerators. Keep the
denominators the name.
- Simplify (reduce) the fraction, if possible.
- If you end up with an improper fraction, change it to a
mix number.
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