TLE NOTES # 1.

Requirements in Putting Up a Nursery for propagating trees and fruit trees

1. Location/Site - choose a place near a source of water.

2. Soil Type - different plants need different types of soil.
3. Shed - protects the plants from rains and typhoons.
4. Storage place for tools and equipment
5. Boxes, pots, and plots for germinating seeds

Tools and equipment in planting

Tool Function Picture

1. Hoe a tool used in digging and
loosening hard, dry soil. It has a
thin blade across the end of a
long handle.

2. Rake a long handled tool having a

bar at one end with teeth in. It
is used for smoothening the soil
and gathering loose leaves, hay,
or straw
3. Trowel a tool with a curved blade used
for loosening the ground and
taking up small plants.

4. Axe a tool with a flat, sharp blade

fastened to a handle used for
cutting trunk of trees and their
branches.
5. Crowbar a straight, heavy iron bar
pointed at one end, about 4
feet in length, used for digging
holes and for planting seeds.

6. Bolo a tool with a wooden or metal

handle in which a long blade is
attached. It is used for cutting
tall grasses and branches of
trees.

7. Shovel a broad scoop attached to a

handle. It is used to dig, lift, and
throw loose matter.

8. Fork a tool resembling a table fork

but much bigger in size. It is
used in digging and preparing
the soil for the plants.

9. Water Sprinkler a can with a spout to sprinkle

water on the plants. Plants
should be watered everyday to
make them grow healthier.

10. Wheelbarrow used to transfer soil plants and

other materials from one place
to another.
11. Hose used for watering seedlings
arranged in mass.

12. Sprayer used for spraying chemicals to

eliminate plant seeds.

13. Weighing Scale for weighing plants, seeds, and

fertilizers.

14. Pieces of wood or bamboo used as fences of seed boxes

and plots to protect plants from
being destroyed by animals.

15. Pruning Shears used for cutting small branches

including the unnecessary
branches.

16. Garden Gloves used while working in the

garden, made of strong rubber
to protect from thorns and
withstand punctures.

Tips in performing scientific way of propagating fruit-bearing trees

1.Select a stem which is not too young or too old.
2. Be sure the propagating materials are of the same specie.
3. See to it that the stock and the scion are fitted with each other.
4. Do the propagation at the right time.

Healthy and Safety Measures in Propagating Fruit-Bearing Trees

1.Before working make sure you have refresh yourself (like taking a bath) in order to work well.
2.Always wear complete personal protective protective equipment which includes hairnet, hand gloves, apron, boots if
needed, protective eyeglass, and face mask.
3. Make sure tools and equipment are working properly before using them.
4. Always follow instructions for use of equipment.
5. Focus on the work at hand. Do not allow yourself to get distracted.
6. Know your limits in working, seek help whenever necessary.
7. Work in proper position. Make sure you do not strain your back while working.

Planting and caring of Fruit Tree Seedlings

1. Choose seeds that come from fruit bearing trees
2. Sow seeds in seed beds with good soil
3. Plant seeds horizontally about 3 centimeters deep
4. Water the sown seeds throughly
5. Grow the seedlings preferably in a propagating shed
6. Apply fungicide to avoid infestation
7. When three or four leaves have sprouted and the height of 10 centimers or more has been attained, potting may start
8. Place pots or bags in a partially shaded area.
9. The best time to transplant is late afternoon or when the sun has set.
10. Young trees need more fertilizer more often than old trees.
11. Apply fertilizer around trees.
12. Remove weeds around the base of the young trees and cultivate the soil.

Methods of Propagating Trees

 Plant propagation is a method or reproducing, increasing, or multiplying plant species. It is being practiced because
of the following reasons:
1. To increase the number of plant species
2. To produce plant varieties that are resistant to some insect pests and diseases
3. To evolve new and better varieties of plants suited to different conditions of soil and climate
4. To accelerate and at the same time lessen the bearing age of plants
5. To avert the extinction of some plant species
1. Cutting - The leaves are removed and the stems are cut 10 inches long. One—half of the cutting is inserted into the
soil. Example : Sinigwelas, Kamoteng kahoy

2. Marcotting or Air layering – induces the stem to develop roots while it is still growing on the mother plant. The steps
are as follows:
a. Select a healthy branch.
b. Remove a ring-like layer of soft bark about 2 to 3 inches long or until you reach the bark about 2 to 3 inches long or
until you reach the hard, wood layer.
c. Apply sphagnum moss around the cut surface.
d. Cover securely with a piece of plastic sheet.
e. Tie both ends to prevent drying of the rooting medium. Keep it moist.
f. Cut the marcot just below the ball of sphagnum moss when sufficient roots develop.
g. Remove some leaves to further induce root development.
h. Place the potted in a cool and shady place.

3. Grafting – a plant propagation method that involves inserting a scion into a stock so that they will form a union and
grow together.

Steps in Grafting

 Preparing the Stock. Start at the cut surface of the rootstock and make a vertical slit through the bark where each scion can
be inserted (2 inches long and spaced 1 inch apart).
 Preparing the Scion. Since multiple scions are usually inserted around the cut surface of the rootstock, prepare several
scions for each graft. Cut the base of each scion to a 11⁄2- to 2-inch tapered wedge on one side only.
 Inserting the Scion. Loosen the bark slightly and insert the scion so that the wedge-shaped tapered surface of the scion is
against the exposed wood under the flap of bark. Push the scion firmly down into place behind the flap of bark, replace the
bark flap, and nail the scion in place by driving one or two wire brads through the bark and scion into the rootstock. Insert a
scion every 3 to 4 inches around the cut perimeter of the rootstock.
 Securing the Graft. Seal all exposed surfaces with grafting wax or grafting paint. Once the scions have begun to grow, leave
only the most vigorous one on each stub; prune out all the others. Bark grafts tend to form weak unions and therefore
usually require staking or support during the first few years.
4. Budding – the process of transferring the lateral bud taken from the scion to the stock of the same family.

5. Seeds - this method is sexual propagation. Most common method as it is the easiest.
6. Suckers - asexual type of propagation. These refer to stems or shoots emerging from portions of plant or trees.
7. Runners - slim branches that grow from bases of stems running along the ground as in strawberries.
8. Layering - a process wherein an uncut branch or a shoot touches the ground or soil, develops roots, and becomes and
independent plant.
9. Rhizomes - the roots emerge at the surface from which new plants develop from buds.
10. Inarching - a process wherein the scion is united with rootstock.

Sources of Fruit-Bearing Trees

Fruit-bearing trees propagated by the sexual method (use of seeds):

Avocado Star apple Cashew Chico Citrus fruits Guyabano or Sour sop
Guava Jackfruit Lanzones Mabolo Macopa Mango
Mangosteen Papaya Rambutan Santol

Some are propagated asexually or by artificial methods:

Avocado (grafting) Banana ( rhizomes) Star apple (marcotting)
Chico ( marcotting or inarching) Guyabano (grafting) Guava (marcotting)
Langka (marcotting) Duhat (marcotting) Macopa (marcotting)
Pineapple (suckers) Mango (grafting) Strawberry ( runners)
Siniguelas (cuttings)