APHRDI, RC, Vishakhapatnam

NEELAM SANJEEV REDDY

SAGAR SRISAILAM PROJECT

Presented By:

K. Anil Venkata Nag, AEE

L. V. V. A. Hari Prasad, AEE
 OUTLINE
 LOCATION & OBJECTIVE

 COFFER DAM & DIVERSION CONSTRUCTIONS

 DAM FOUNDATION & SPILLWAY

 RIGHT BANK POWER HOUSE CONSTRUCTION

 RADIAL CREST GATES CONSTRUCTION

 CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

 RECONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION (R&R)

 AREA OF IRRIGATION & IRRIGATION SCHEMES PROPOSED

 DRINKING WATER TO TOWNS AND VILLAGES

1. STATES BENEFITED
 OUTLINE

9. MECHANICAL WORKS AND INSTALLATIONS

10. HYDROLOGY AND RAINFALL

11. STRUCTURES

12. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

13. REGULATION OF FLOODS IN DAM IN OCTOBER 2009

14. INTERLINKING OF RIVERS, BASINS AND SUB BASINS

15. SEDIMENTATION

16. TRIBUNAL AWARDS

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Location

Srisailam Dam is located in a deep gorge in Nallamala Hills across

Krishna River b/w Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh and
Mahabubnagar district of Telangana near Srisailam Town.

GPS coordinates 16°05′13″N and 78°53′50″E

300 m (980 ft) above sea level in a beautiful Environment

Location
 Environmental Clearance & Social Impact
Assesement
• The 142-metre-high Srisailam dam submerged vast area
displacing 100,000 people in 86 villages of Kurnool and
Mahbubnagar districts
•
• The Government paid Rs 41 crore as compensation to the
affected villagers

• Land Acquired: 87,000 acres

• (GO Ms No. 98 & GO Ms No. 68) Sanctioning Monetary

compensation, besides a government job for one member
in each family displaced
 Reconstruction & Rehabilitation
• Two-week-long evacuation programme.

• People moved 10 to 15 km away from homes, in

Tractors, Lorries and Bullock Carts.

• "It was an Unpleasant, Heart - Rending and Thankless job ,"

said K. Krishnamoorthy, an Executive Engineer in charge of
the Evacuation

• To Ensure villagers not to return, Irrigation Canals in

villages destroyed.
 Reconstruction & Rehabilitation

A family stands by after loading their meager possessions, India Today, July
31 st 1981
 Reconstruction & Rehabilitation

An Armed Policeman Watches as workmen demolish houses, India

Today, July 31 st 1981
 CONSTRUCTION

• The Srisailam project began in 1960, as a Power

project. After several delays, the Main Dam completed
20 years later in 1980 July 26.

• By Second stage completion in 1987 the project converted

to multipurpose facility with generation of 770 Megawatts
(1,030,000 hp)

• The 2nd Largest Capacity Working Hydroelectric station

in the country
 Hon’ble Prime minister Sri Jawaharlal Nehru laying
Foundation Stone for Srisailam Dam on July 24th 1963
OBJECTIVE
COFFER DAMS
 DIVERSION STRUCTURES

• Diversion Channel:
Bed width : 15.24 m (50 ft)
Length : 594.36 m (1950 ft)
Upstream Discharge : 283.0 cumecs
Water Level at EL.174.80 m : 10,000 (cusecs)
Bed Level : EL 167.64 m (EL. 550ft)
• Diversion Tunnel :
• 9.14 m (30 ft) Dia circular lined Length : 686 (2250 ft)
• Invert Level at Entrance : EL. 161.54 m (530 ft)
• Upstream Discharge : 566.4 cumecs
• Water Level at EL. 176.11 m (EL.577.80 ft) : 20,000 cusecs
COFFER DAMS & DIVERSIONS
COFFER DAMS & DIVERSIONS
FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION
FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION
FOUNDATION, RCC BRIDGE, ROAD ON SPILLWAY
RIGHT BANK POWER HOUSE CONSTRUCTION
RIGHT BANK POWER HOUSE CONSTRUCTION
RIGHT BANK POWER HOUSE CONSTRUCTION
RADIAL CREST GATES, GANTRY CRANE
GAUGE METER, EVAPORIMETER & FRL
 CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
• The Initial modest estimate of ₹384.7 million for a Power
Project

• The total cost of Multipurpose Project estimated to cross ₹10

billion in enlarged form.

• The Dam cost ₹4.04 billion together with installation of 4

generating sets of 110 MW each.

• The Right Bank Branch Canal estimated to cost ₹4.49 billion

 CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

• The initial investment of ₹1.4 billion has been provided by

the World Bank.

• The Projected Cost - Benefit Ratio of the project worked

out at 1:1.91 at 10% interest on Capital Outlay.

• Prasad & Co contributed to the construction of Srisailam

Dam
 Area of Irrigation
• The Dam provides water for 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi)

• Right Bank Branch Canal Irrigates790 square kilometres (310 sq

mi) in Kurnool & Kadapa districts

• Srisailam Right Main canal feeds water to

• K. C. Canal
• Srisailam Right Bank Canal
• Telugu Ganga Canal
• Galeru Nagari Canal

Irrigating vast area in Kurnool, Kadapa, Chittoor and

Nellore districts
SRISAILAM RIGHT MAIN CANAL (SRMC): AREA OF IRRIGATION

• At Banakacherla, a Cross Regulator complex constructed

From there SRMC branches into 3 canals.
1. The right side canal taking off to SRBC scheme, capacity of 5,000
Cusecs,
2. Left Canal taking off to feed the TGP
3. The middle escape channel to feed K. C. Canal.

• Veligonda Reservoir receives water by gravity through tunnels in

Nellore, Kadapa and Prakasam districts.

• Kalwakurthy Lift Irrigation scheme draws water from Srisailam

Reservoir in Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda Districts

• Srisailam Left Bank Canal (SLBC) receives water by gravity

through tunnels in Nalgonda district
 DRINKING WATER
• Sraialam Right Main Canal supplies water to Telugu
Ganga Project (TGP)

• TGP supplies Krishna river water to Chennai city for

drinking purpose

• Handri-Neeva Lift Canal draws water from

• Srisailam Reservoir, supplies Drinking water to all
districts of Rayalaseema
 States Benefited
Andhra Pradesh

Telangana
Due to Its location between the two states of Andhra Pradesh
and Telangana got benefited by the project and Chennai.
 HYDROLOGY & RAINFALL
Reservoir : Srisailam
2, 03,597 Sq. K.M
Catchment Area :
(79,530 Sq. Miles)
Max. Flood discharge : 30,316 Cumecs
Live Storage : 247.79 TMC Ft.
Gross Storage : 308.06 TMC Ft.

Dead Storage : 60.3 TMC Ft. (2122

MCM) at 805 Ft.
Generation per TMC : 5.5 MUS
91 M (Turbine Mode)
Design Head : & 95 M (Pump Mode)
 HYDROLOGY & RAINFALL
375 Ft. (114.3 M) Turbine
Max. Gross head :
Mode
Design Net Head : 82.8 M(153 MW)
107.1 M (176 MW) /65.3 M
Net Head Max/Min : (106 MW)
(Turbine Mode)
Full Reservoir level (FRL): : 885 Ft. (269.75 M)
Min. Draw down Level
: 805 Ft. (245.37 M)
(MDDL):
Tail Race water level for Max.
: 590 Ft
Discharge:
Maximum : 1016 mm (40
inches)
Mean Annual Rainfall :
Minimum : 635 mm (25
inches)
 STRUCTURES

1. Reservoir:

• Maximum water level (MWL) : EL 271.88 m (EL. 892 ft)

• Full Reservoir Level (FRL)
• Gross Storage
• Capacity at F.R.L
• Water Spread Area
• MDDL (for IRR)
Storage capacity
• MDDL (for Power)
capacity : 53.851 TMC(1524.871 Cums)
• Crest level
Storage capacity
: EL. 269.75 m (EL.885 ft.)
: 6110.9070 cubic meters
: (215.8070 TMC)
: 541.90 sq. km at F.R.L
: 209 sq. Miles)
: 854.00 (260.30 M)
: 89.29 TMC (2528.396 Cums)
: 834.00 (254.20 m) Storage
: 830.00 (252.98 M)
: 49.49. TMC(1401.387 Cums)
 STRUCTURES

2. Dam : Gravity Dam with

Top elevation EL 275.54 m
Height above the deepest Foundation level 470 ft
Total Length of Dam is 512 m (1680 ft)
3. Spillway: Ogee
• Maximum Discharging Capacity Over Crest : 37,356 cumecs
(13, 20,00 Cuses)
• Number of Spill Way Gates : 12 Nos
Size : 18.3 m x 16.7 m (60’ x 55’)
• Number of River Sluices : 2 Nos
Size : 3.65m x 9.14 m (12 ft x 30 ft )
 MECHANICAL WORKS AND INSTALLATIONS
• Power Station
Turbines 6 × 150 MW (200,000 hp)
Reversible Francis - Type (Left Bank)

Turbines 7 × 110 MW (150,000 hp)

Francis Type (Right Bank)

• Installed Capacity 1,670 MW (2,240,000 hp)

• Each gate contains 19.25 mt radius. C/s dimensions of
the gate is 55 ft x 65 ft.
• Total amount of steel used in gates is 220 tons.
• The rope capacity is 180 tons.
MECHANICAL WORKS AND INSTALLATIONS
 TURBINES

a) Type: Vertical Shaft, Francis Reversing

b) Make: M/s. Hitachi, Japan
c) Net Head Max. /Min: 107.1 M /65.3 M
d) Design Net Head: 82.8 M
e) Rated Output: 153 MW
f) Output Max./ Min : 176 MW / 106 MW
g) Normal Speed: 136.4 RPM
h) Runway speed: 231 RPM
i) Disc. Through Machine: 6467 Cusecs (183.1 Cumecs)

• 1 TMC of water we can generate 606 million watts of power.

• 10,000 acres of land can be Irrigated by 1 TMC of water.
 HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
• Tail pond dam /weir located 14 km downstream of
Srisailam dam under advanced stage of construction

• To hold the water released by the hydro turbines and later

pump back into Srisailam reservoir by operating turbines
in pump mode.

• The weir portion breached in November 2015 unable to

withstand normal water release from the hydro power
stations.
 HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

• Tail pond weir completed during the year 2017

and pumping mode operation is being done even
the D/s Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir water level is
below 531.5 feet (162 m) MSL.
• The tail pond has nearly 1 TMC live storage
capacity.
• Power supplies were maintained by APGENCO
by using 2 power stations (Left bank and Right
Bank) and transmitted through AP TRANSCO.
 INTERLINKING OF RIVERS, BASINS AND SUB BASINS
Srisailam-Pennar Link Proposal
• Second link to join Krishna with Pennar transfers of 2,310
Mcum of water.

• In this link, no enroute irrigation is proposed.

• Four mini hydel schemes proposed in enroute reaches for

utilizing the natural falls of the streams with total installed
capacity of 17 MW power.

• The water diverted to Pennar river through the link Picked up

at Somasila along with that diverted through Nagarjunasagar-
Somasila link for further southward diversion river Pennar.
 INTERLINKING OF RIVERS, BASINS AND SUB BASINS
Srisailam-Pennar Link Proposal

• The total length of link canal from Srisailam reservoir to its

confluence with Pennar is about 204 km.

• NWDA has completed the feasibility study of the proposal.

The existing infrastructure of Srisailam canal system viz. A.

Approach Channel
Head Regulator at Pothireddypadu,
Srisailam right main canal and
cross Regulator at Banakacherla
used for diverting the water
 Srisailam-Pennar Link Proposal

• The water from the Central escape of the Banakacherla cross

regulator will be let into the natural streams viz. Nippulavagu, Galeru
and Kunderu, till it reaches the Pennar river at Adinimmayapalli
anicut.

• The link canal is proposed to be operated for a period of 184 days

and is designed for a discharge of 145 cumec.

• Environmental Issue: NO

No new area will come under submergence due to this canal project
as the existing Srisailam reservoir is used in this link proposal.
Srisailam-Pennar Link Proposal
 TRIBUNAL AWARDS

The KWDT in 1973 has allocated 800 TMC (75%

dependable flows) of Krishna waters to AP State.

Under this award, The state is entitled to make any

adjustments and re-allocations within the allotment made
specially to the state and also entitled to utilize 11 TMC of
Regenerated Water as its share to irrigate 1,90,000 Acres
of Nandyal, Banaganapalli, Koilkuntla Taluks of Kurnool
Dist. and Jammalmadugu taluk of Kadapa District.
 Regulation of the flood in October 2009 at the
Srisailam project in India
• Unprecedented rainfall received during September
29th to 2nd October, 2009.

• Rainfall ranged from 344mm to 560 mm.

• Bulk of rainfall occurred below the major storage

reservoirs of upper riparian States with no scope for
flood moderation.

• Unprecedented floods occurred between 2.10.2009

to 6.10.2009 and inflow of 25.50 lakh cusec (72,207
cumec) on 2.10.2009 occurred
 REGULATION OF FLOOD IN OCTOBER 2009 @
SRISAILAM PROJECT IN INDIA

• Earlier recorded highest flow of 10.60 lakh cusec

(30,015 cumec) occurred on 7.10.1903
• Design flood of the dam is 19.55 lakh cusec
(55,359 cumec)
• Max Water Level recorded: + 896.50 feet (273.253
m)
• Max discharge through spillway: 14, 80,400
cusec (41,920 cumec)
• Duration of high flood : Nearly 78 hours
 Regulation of the flood in October 2009
at the Srisailam project in India

• End gates in vents 1 and 12 were also opened

• Successful routing of more than 600 TMC (16,990 MCM)
of flood over 600 kilometers of river length
• Earlier, high floods had occurred during 1998 and right
side powerhouse inundated under the tail water of the
dam due to opening of 12th gate.
• Sudden surge in inflows was a result of record rainfall in
the un-intercepted catchment area downstream of
Tungabhadra dam and Jurala project
 After Floods in dam, 2009

• Srisailam tilted about 8.8 mm during the flood in 2009 for

some days and then it came back to thre original.

• Srisailam dam was subjected to an uplift of 170t/m3 which

is more the designed uplift pressure of 143t/m3.

• The main reason for this is good quality of Construction.

• For 25 years before 2009 the first gate was not operated, if
they were operated the flanks get destroyed.
 SEDIMENTATION
• Reservoir Sedimentation Is Filling of Reservoir
Behind Dam with Sediment Carried Into Reservoir
by Streams.

• The flow of water from the catchment upstream of a

reservoir is capable of eroding the catchment area

• Depositing material either upstream of Reservoir, or

in still water of Reservoir.
According to a survey during the year 2012 across 122
Reservoirs in India, 0.44% of Reservoir Storage being
covered with deposition of sediment every year.

In Srisailam reservoir in Andhra Pradesh which was

commissioned in 1976, the storage capacity is now
Reduced to 79.5% of it’s original storage in a span of 35
years.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) Srisailam dam, Wikipedia.

2) http://www.prasadandco.com/Irrigation.php#Srisailam
3) Regulation of floods in 2009 at NSRS Srisailam Project in Andhra
Pradesh State in India
4) Managing Historic flood Krishna River Basin – An experience of
Averting Catastrophe – APWRDC - 2009
5) https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19810731-
srisailam-dam-across-krishna-river-displaces-nearly-100000-
people-in-andhra-pradesh-773077-2013-11-16
6) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/35-years-on-
compensation- eludes-Srisailam-dam -evacuees/articleshow/47169791.cms
7) https://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Summary_of_Link_Proposal
THANK YOU

Presented By:
K. Anil Venkata Nag, AEE
L. V. V. A. Hari Prasad, AEE