Part 4 Elements and Principles of Arts

Among
REPORTE
R US
V2020.9.9a
GROUP 3
KATHERINE CRYSSELLE GARCIA
TOPIC
ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF
ART
SUBJECT
ART APPRECIATION
BACK
Subject 10/10
EMERGENCY
MEETING
LINES AND KINDS OF
LINES
LINES AND KINDS OF LINES
LINES
• A mark with length and direction
• A continuous mark made on a

surface by moving a point
FIVE KINDS OF LINE
• VERTICAL LINES
• HORIZONTAL LINES
• DIAGOAL LINES
• ZIG-ZAG LINES
• CURVED
• INTERSECTING LINES
VERTICAL LINES
- these lines move
up and down without a
slant and can give the
appearance of height
because they are
perpendicular to the
earth, extending upwards
towards the sky.
HORIZONTAL
LINES
- these lines move
right to left and suggest a
feeling of rest or response
because objects parallel
to the earth at rest
DIAGONAL LINES
- Diagonal lines
are straight lines that
slant in any direction
except horizontal or
vertical.
ZIGZAG LINES
- Zigzag lines are a
series of
diagonal lines joined at
ends. They can convey
action and excitement,
as well as restlessness
and anxiety.
CURVED LINES
are lines that bend and

change direction
gradually.
INTERSECTING
LINES
- two or more
lines cross to each
other
“REALITY IS MADE UP OF
CIRCLES BUT WE SEE
STRAIGHT LINES”
PROPERTIES OF COLOR AND HOW
COLOR RELATE TO LIGHT AND
SHADOW
PROPERTIES OF COLOR AND HOW COLOR RELATE TO
LIGHT AND SHADOW
COLORS
Color can be described by the group or category to which it
belongs.
•Primary •Secondary
•Intermediate •neutral
LIGHT AND SHADOW
COLOR WHEEL
It is a chart which
shows the relationships
of the colors. You can use
it like a recipe book when
you want to mix a special
color.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
PRIMARY COLOR
Primary means first,
these colors can’t be
created by mixing other
colors. (Red, Yellow and
Blue)
LIGHT AND SHADOW
SECONDARY
COLORS
Are created by
mixing two of the primary
colors together in equal
measure
LIGHT AND SHADOW
INTERMEDIATE
COLORS
A color created by
mixing a primary color
with the secondary color
next to it; also called a
tertiary color
LIGHT AND SHADOW
NEUTRAL COLORS
Colors don't usually
show up on the color wheel.
Neutral colors include black,
white, gray, and sometimes
brown and beige. They are
sometimes called “earth
tones
LIGHT AND SHADOW
• Hue
• Intensity
• Value
• Temperature
LIGHT AND SHADOW
HUE
Hue refers to the origin of the colors we
can see. Primary and Secondary colors
(Yellow, Orange, Red, Violet, Blue, and
Green) are considered hues; however,
tertiary colors (mixed colors where
neither color is dominant) would also be
considered hues
LIGHT AND SHADOW
INTENSITY
• is the brightness or dullness
(grayness) of a color
• is a color’s strength, saturation,
purity. The "noise" it makes.
• A Pure Hue has the highest saturation
and intensity of a color.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
VALUE
• The lightness or darkness of a color
• Different values of a color range from
very light to very dark (tints and
shades).
• The lighter the color, the closer it is to
white. The darker the color, the closer
it is to black.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
VALUE
• The lightness or darkness of a color
• Different values of a color range from
very light to very dark (tints and
shades).
• The lighter the color, the closer it is to
white. The darker the color, the closer
it is to black.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
VALUE -
TINTS
• Adding white will
lighten a hue or raise its
value. This is called a
tint.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
VALUE -
SHADES
• Adding black will darken
a hue or lower its value.
This is called a shade.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
TEMPERATURE
• Colors give different feelings
of warmth and coolness.
• The color wheel can be
divided into two sides - the
warm colors and the cool
colors.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
Warm colors
look and feel warm.
Yellows, oranges, reds
Cool colors
look and feel cool.
Blues, greens, violets
LIGHT AND SHADOW
Color Harmony
can be defined as a pleasing
combination of colors.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
COLOR HARMONY BASED ON:

• Monochromatic Color Scheme
• Analogous Color Scheme
• Complementary Color Scheme
LIGHT AND SHADOW
MONOCHROMATIC Color Scheme

Mono = one, single . . .as in monorail
Chroma = color
thus monochromatic = One color.
This scheme may be achieved using tints and shades

of one hue.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
ANALOGOUS COLOR SCHEME

Colors that are next to each other on the
color wheel. Colors with a family
resemblance.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
COMPLEMENTARY Color Scheme

Colors that are opposite each other on the
color wheel; ex. red and green, violet and
yellow, yellow-green and red-violet etc.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
LIGHT AND SHADOW
What is Light?
• Light is radiant energy, usually
referring to electromagnetic
radiation that is visible to the
human eye and is responsible
for the sense of sight.
• Light is energy in the form of

electromagnetic radiation
whose origin is our sun.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
TWO TYPES OF LIGHT

• Natural Light
• Artificial Light
LIGHT AND SHADOW
Natural Light
• The most important source of
natural light is the sun
• The sun gives the earth light
and energy
LIGHT AND SHADOW
Artificial Light
• Light that is made by people or
man-made
LIGHT AND SHADOW
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
• Transparent
• Translucent
• Opaque
LIGHT AND SHADOW
Transparent
• An object that lets all light pass
through it is called transparent.
• These objects are transparent;

clear glass, eyeglasses, window,
fish tank, clear plastics and
transparent tape.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
Translucent
• An object that lets some
light pass through it is
translucent
• Frosted glass, waxed

paper and thin fabrics
LIGHT AND SHADOW
Opaque
• Not able to be seen
through; not transparent
• Rock, metal wood, fog,

aluminum foil and brick
LIGHT AND SHADOW
• Shadows are caused

by opaque objects
blocking the path of
the light. Long
shadows are seen in
early morning and
late afternoon.
LIGHT AND SHADOW
• Reflect is when the

light or an image
bounces back off
an objects surface.
V2020.9.9a
GROUP 3
BLESSIE MAY D. MANGUERRA
TOPIC
SHAPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF
SHAPES
SUBJECT
ART APPRECIATION
BACK
Subject 10/10
EMERGENCY
MEETING
SHAPES AND CLASSIFICATION
OF SHAPES
SHAPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF SHAPES
SHAPES
In visual arts, a shape is formed when two ends of a line meet to
enclose an area. The area may stand out from the surface
because of a difference in color, value or texture. They may also
present themselves as flat or two-dimensional and solid or
three-dimensional on a picture plane.
Picture plane
- any flat surface onto
which the artwork is
created.
Negative shapes
- these are between the shapes that are not occupied
by any form. In painting, these spaces can be as
important as the shapes themselves. In sculpture and
77 architecture, the shape of the artwork can be
determined by viewing the work against its background
(Marquardt & Eskilson, 2005).
CLASSIFICATION OF SHAPES
Natural or
organic shapes
- those are seen in
nature like the shape of
leaves, animals,
mountains, flowers and
seashells.
Abstract shapes
- those that have
little or no
resemblance to
natural objects.
Non-objective or
biomorphic shapes
- seldom have
reference to recognizable
objects, but most often
show a similarity to some
organic forms.
TWO DIMENSIONAL SHAPE
• TRIANGLES
• QUADRILATERAL
• PENTAGON
THREE DIMENSIONAL SHAPE
• polyhedrons
• cubes
• pyramids
• sphere
V2020.9.9a
GROUP 3
NINA RICA BULAN
TOPIC
TEXTURE, METHODS OF CREATING
SPACE AND MOVEMENTS
SUBJECT
ART APPRECIATION
BACK
Subject 10/10
EMERGENCY
MEETING
Texture, methods of
creating space and
movements
Texture, methods of creating space and
movements
TEXTURE
is the surface quality of an artworks
- refers to the feel or tactile
quality of the surface of an object
Texture
*Everything has a texture or a surface.
*Texture can be....
rough
• bumpy
• slick is the surface quality of an artworks
• scratchy
• smooth
• silky
• soft
• prickly
the less is endless.....
Texture
How we can get textures?
But also using any type of material

Texture
Visual texture
- in such cases where touching the artwork is not
allowed, textured can be
perceived by the eyes.
Space
- An illusion in the graphic arts. It is created by
techniques that add depth and distance to two-
dimensional art. In sculpture and architecture, however,
space is actually
present.
METHODS OF CREATING SPACE
●
Overlapping planes (interposition) - create space when
an object covers a part
of another object which is behind it.
● is the surface quality of an artworks
Relative size - objects that appear large/big
indicate nearness and small-sized
objects as distant.
Color is also used to give the illusion of distance.

Perspective
- deals with the effect of distance on the appearance of
objects. it enables the viewer to perceive distance and
to see the position of objects in space

Linear perspective
- give the perception distance by means of converging
lines.It has to do with the direction of lines and with the
size of objects.
Aerial perspective (gradient)

- the effect of haze, mist or atmosphere on the
object.
Space in sculpture
may be viewed in two ways: it may be considered a
single solid object or an assemblage of solids that
exhibits space; or space may be perceived as it
enters into relations with its surroundings － extending
into it, envelopingis it,
the surface quality of an artworks
or relating across it.
Space in architecture
- is created and defined by the shape, position, and the
materials employed by the architect
Movement
Over the years, artists of the visual arts have
manipulated the medium and elements in order to
portray motion in their artworks. They have also
experimented on which techniques to employ to be able
There are two ways to present motion or movement in their art
to incorporate in their works the perception of
movement.
There are two ways to present motion or movement

in their art
Actual movement
- in art, specifically in sculptures results in
kinetic art.
There are two ways to present motion or movement in their art
Implied movement
- This gives the impression of movement in a
stationary two dimensional art.
V2020.9.9a
GROUP 3
KIM AVRIL IBO
TOPIC
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
SUBJECT
ART APPRECIATION
BACK
Subject 10/10
EMERGENCY
MEETING
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
MUSIC
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
RHYTHM
is a movement or pattern
with uniform recurrence of
accented and accented
beat.
MELODY
HARMONY
TIMBRE
FORM
DYNAMICS
ELEMENTS OF
DRAMA
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
DRAMA
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
PLOT
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
SETTING
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
CHARACTERS
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
DIALOUGE
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
THEME
V2020.9.9a
GROUP 3
GRACE ATIENZA
TOPIC
ELEMENTS OF THEATER
SUBJECT
ART APPRECIATION
BACK
Subject 10/10
EMERGENCY
MEETING
ELEMENTS OF THEATER
ELEMENTS OF THEATER
Theater art is performed

live. Its performance is
immediate and once
performed cannot be
undone. Its magic begins
when the curtains are
raised and the stage lights
go on.
ELEMENTS OF THEATER
THE PLAYWRIGHT
The playwright’s
role is to work out the
plot in terms of the actual
actions to be performed
and dialogue to be spoken
by actors within the
limited facilities of the
stage.
ELEMENTS OF THEATER
THE PERFORMERS
The performers
are the ones who
portray the characters
in a play.
ELEMENTS OF THEATER
THE DIRECTOR
The director
works with the
playwright to present
which is interpreted
and translated into
dramatic action.
ELEMENTS OF THEATER
THE PRODUCTION
DESIGN
Production Design
includes the scenery,
props, make-up,
costumes, lights, music,
sound and all other
special effects used in a
theatrical production.
“There are certain elements common to all theater. These
elements are present whenever a theater event takes
place; without them, an event cease to be theater and
becomes a different art form and different experience.”
(According to the book “Theater, The Lively Art”)
V2020.9.9a
GROUP 3
ANGELYN FRIAS
TOPIC
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA
SUBJECT
ART APPRECIATION
BACK
Subject 10/10
EMERGENCY
MEETING
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA
ACTING AND THE STARS

Acting is the art of portraying or impersonating a
character in the story. A performer during filming should
embody the character he is portraying. The actor’s portrayal
must be perfect and complete.
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA
SET AND DIRECTORS

Set and directors should know the setting of the
story and build artificial sets.
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA
MUSIC AND MUSICAL DIRECTOR

Music is indispensable in motion pictures.
Musical director is in charge of selecting, composing
new songs, writing orchestration, preparing
background music, creating musical scores and
supervising all recording.
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA
COLOR
Color in the movies in an innovation in
cinematography. It costs twice as much as the
black and white films. Most films are now
shown in high definition (HD) color.
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA
MAKE-UP, HAIR AND COSTUME DESIGN

These people are responsible for
applying the specific type of make-up,
hairstyle and costume to the actors
before they face the camera.
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA
SOUND, CAMERA AND SPECIAL EFFECTS

Sound technicians are responsible for making
the dialogue clear and music of fine quality. They make
sure that there is no background noise. The use of
cameras and the functions of the special effects
technician is indispensable in cinematography. They
decide on the use of masking, the choice of lens, the
camera angle and the control of camera movements.
ELEMENTS OF CINEMA
SOUND, CAMERA AND SPECIAL EFFECTS

Sound technicians are responsible for making
the dialogue clear and music of fine quality. They make
sure that there is no background noise. The use of
cameras and the functions of the special effects
technician is indispensable in cinematography. They
decide on the use of masking, the choice of lens, the
camera angle and the control of camera movements.
V2020.9.9a
GROUP 3
MARGIE MENDOZA
TOPIC
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
SUBJECT
ART APPRECIATION
BACK
Subject 10/10
EMERGENCY
MEETING
PRINCIPLES OF ART
PRINCIPLES OF ART
These are essentially a set of criteria which are used

to explain how the visual elements are arranged in a work of
art. These principles are possibly the closest thing we have to
a set of objective or criteria for analyzing and judging art.
Generally, the visual arts are made-up of three key

elements that are independent of each of their specific
elements. These three elements are form, content and
context.
PRINCIPLES OF ART
● Form refers to how specific elements in the artwork are

organized to produce a unified whole. Form is further
classified into:
Primary Features. This is how the artwork appears to the
viewers. Its physical attributes in terms of medium, color ,
texture and size.
Secondary Features. This is how the primary features of the
artwork relate to one another. Particularly, this refers to
balance, proportion, unity and harmony that are used to
create the whole composition.
PRINCIPLES OF ART
● Content refers to the message the artist wants to convey

through his art. The levels of content are:
Factual is the literal interpretation of the work, its images, attributes, actions and poses.
Conventional level takes into consideration the basic genres and the figurative meanings usually indicated by familiar signs and
symbols and the quality of work.
Subjective level takes into consideration the effect of form and content on the viewers of the art.
PRINCIPLES OF ART
Context refers to the various circumstances that influence how a work of art was produced and interpreted. The two types of context
are:
Primary context pertains to the characteristic of the artist, his personality, beliefs,
Included
Secondary context pertains to the setting. The historical period, time in which the work was produced.
here are the functions served by the art work, its religious
and philosophical conviction, socio political and economical
undertones, climate and geography.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
The principles of design describe the ways in

which an artist has used or can use the
elements of art to create beautiful
compositions. (Grieder 1996)
BALANCE
It is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, color, texture and
space. The use of these elements should be balanced to make the
viewers see and feel design as stable.
Three types of balance:
■ Symmetrical balance results when the elements used on one side
of the design are similar to those on the other side.
■ Asymmetrical balance is when the sides of the composition are
different but still looked balanced.
■ Radial balance is achieved when the elements are arranged
around a central point. Elements may exhibit similarities as they spread
around the central point.
Symmetrical
Balance
Asymmetrical
Balance
Radial
Balance
❖Emphasis
It is the part of the design that
catches the viewer's attention. The
artist will usually make one area
stand out by contrasting it with
other areas.
❖Movement
It is the path the viewer's eye takes
when looking through the work of
art. Such movement can be
implied along lines edges, shape,
and color within the work of art.
❖ Pattern
It is the repetition of objects,
shapes, lines, or symbols all
over the space or picture
plane.
❖Proportion
It is the feeling of unity
created when all parts relate
well with each other.
❖ Repetition
It works with patterns to make the
work seem active. The repetition
of elements of design creates unity
within the artwork.
❖ Rhythm
It is created when one or more
elements of design are used
repeatedly to produce a feeling of
organized, continuous, sometimes
flowing movement. To keep
rhythm exciting and active, variety
is important.
❖ Variety
It is the use of several elements of
design that adds interest in order
to hold the viewer's attention and
guide the viewer’s eye through
and around the work of art.
❖Unity
It is the feeling of harmony
between and among the parts of
the work of art, which creates a
feeling of completeness in the
composition.
V2020.9.9a
GROUP 3
MARIELLE T. PEDRAJA
TOPIC
THE RULE OF THIRDS and THE 7
DA VINCIAN PRINCIPLES
SUBJECT
ART APPRECIATION
BACK
Subject 10/10
EMERGENCY
MEETING
The Rule of Thirds and the Seven Da Vincian
Principles
THE RULE OF THIRDS
The Rule of Thirds
The Rule of Thirds
● The surface with two equally spaced vertical

lines and two equally spaced horizontal lines.
● These lines divide the picture plane into nine

equal parts with four intersecting
points.
The Rule of Thirds
● Based on studies, placing an object in one of

the intersecting points results in a
• pleasing composition.
● Balance is achieved by placing another object

at the point opposite the first one.
The Rule of Thirds
The major function of the Rule of Thirds

is to serve as a guide for visual artists on the
proper placement of their subjects on the
picture plane to achieve a more interesting
composition. Placing the subject at the
center does not provide enough interest for
viewers to be able to appreciate the work.
The Rule of Thirds
is approaching life
with a heightened
level of wonder
and continuous
search
to know and learn
more.
is the commitment
to test knowledge
and to persist in
this task, which
includes
experiencing both
success and
failures in
undertaking.
The Rule of Thirds
is experiencing
life through
refinement of the
senses.
literally translates
to “going up in
smoke”. It is
accepting life’s
paradoxes
and uncertainties.
is finding a balance
between art and
science or logic and
imagination.
This relates to the
concept of a whole
brain thinking (not just
the left and right
brain).
is taking care of
one’s body. Ensuring
that healthy habits
are practiced and
sustained. A sound
mind is usually the
product of a sound
body and vice versa.
is realizing that all
things are
interconnected. It
is discovering
patterns in the
way things work
and how things
and lives work
out.
Thank you for listening

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Among

KATHERINE CRYSSELLE GARCIA

• A continuous mark made on a

FIVE KINDS OF LINE

are lines that bend and

COLOR HARMONY BASED ON:

MONOCHROMATIC Color Scheme

This scheme may be achieved using tints and shades

ANALOGOUS COLOR SCHEME

COMPLEMENTARY Color Scheme

• Light is energy in the form of

TWO TYPES OF LIGHT

• These objects are transparent;

• Frosted glass, waxed

• Rock, metal wood, fog,

• Shadows are caused

• Reflect is when the

BLESSIE MAY D. MANGUERRA

NINA RICA BULAN

is the surface quality of an artworks

is the surface quality of an artworks

is the surface quality of an artworks

Aerial perspective (gradient)

There are two ways to present motion or movement

KIM AVRIL IBO

Theater art is performed

ACTING AND THE STARS

SET AND DIRECTORS

MUSIC AND MUSICAL DIRECTOR

MAKE-UP, HAIR AND COSTUME DESIGN

SOUND, CAMERA AND SPECIAL EFFECTS

SOUND, CAMERA AND SPECIAL EFFECTS

These are essentially a set of criteria which are used

Generally, the visual arts are made-up of three key

● Form refers to how specific elements in the artwork are

● Content refers to the message the artist wants to convey

The principles of design describe the ways in

● The surface with two equally spaced vertical

● These lines divide the picture plane into nine

● Based on studies, placing an object in one of

● Balance is achieved by placing another object

The major function of the Rule of Thirds

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