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3.4 Human Resources
3.4.4 Training
 Key elements to this topic

Importance of
training the Types of training
workforce
 What is training?

The process of increasing

the knowledge and skills of
the workforce to enable
them to perform their jobs
effectively.
Different ways of training and
development
Induction On the job
training training

Off the job

training
 Induction training
This type of training is received by an employee when he/she first
starts a new job.

The length of induction training will vary from job to job and will
depend on:

• The complexity of the job

• The size of the business

• The level or position of the job within the business.

Induction training may also be needed when employees start a new

position within a business, where they already work.
 Induction training

Nine areas covered in “induction training”

for a new sales assistant at a Tesco store
 Instructions

Draw a bingo grid, this should be a 9

box grid – 3 x 3
In the grid, jot down 9 areas that may
be covered in an “induction training”
programme for a new sales assistant
at a large Tesco store.
As each bingo ball is shown, cross off
any you may have
If you get 3 in a line, shout LINE
If you get all 9, shout HOUSE
 Nine areas possibly included in an
“induction training” programme for a
new sales assistant at a Tesco store
Use space bar (or click mouse)
to scroll through bingo balls Review the Organise
role of Team lockers/ Learn about
Leaders/ the duties of Initial till Meet work
system
Management/ the job in training colleagues
Learn
Review about
Organise the the Organisationa
passwords,
key cards etc more detail
An
duties
role overview
of Team
of the job l structure

Health
lockers/ and
Tour
Meet
in of of
Initial
the
Organise
Leaders/
more the
work
till
detail
safety
system
Management/
e.g. customer
premises
colleagues
training
business
uniforms and An overview
training
passwords/
Organisation Health and
itsservice Organise Tour of the of the
values safety
uniform premises business and
key cards etc
alstandards
structure training its values

Did you have any

others?
Applying your understanding
of induction training
Draw up an induction
programme for the first day of
school for the new Year 7
students who will be starting in
September.
Make sure you:
- Include all the important
areas that students would
need to know on their first
day
- Use an appropriate layout and
age related language
 Benefits of induction training

New employees can become productive as quickly as possible

Can help avoid costly mistakes by employees not knowing the procedures or techniques
of their new jobs

Improves motivation, as employees will feel part of the business and get to know work
colleagues much quicker

Increases employee retention, as employees are more likely to leave if they do not have a
good start to their new job

Future recruitment and selection costs can therefore be reduced

 Off the job training
This occurs when employees are taken away from their usual
place of work to be trained.
It often takes place outside the workplace,
for example at a college.
 A wider range of skills or  External training courses can be
qualifications can be obtained expensive to attend/there may
 Can learn from outside be additional costs incurred
specialists or experts with travel and accommodation
 Employees can be more  Lost working time and potential
confident in their work output from employee
 No interruptions will occur when  Employees now have new
training takes place skills/qualifications and may
 Improves worker motivation and leave for better jobs
potentially productivity/staff
retention
New training initiative at
John Lewis
Managing Director, Paula
Nickold, has announced
plans to send new
employees from its
flagship store in Oxford to
training sessions at a
theatre school.

Explain the possible

reasons for this decision
 On the job training

Employees receive training whilst remaining

in the workplace.

On the job training is often based on

observation, being “shown how to do a
particular job” by a colleague who already
does the same job. It can also be provided
through computer programs.
 On the job training
 Cost effective, as the staff
member stays in the business to
complete the training
 Employees are often productive
 Opportunity to learn whilst doing
 Training alongside real
colleagues, gaining first-hand
experience
 Quality depends on ability of
trainer and time available
 Bad habits might be passed on
 Learning environment may not
be conducive to the best training
 Potential disruption to
production and quality
standards

E-learning or computer based learning is becoming increasingly

common in businesses. Computer programs are customised to the
exact training needs of the organisation and staff, who are able to
participate in this training at a convenient time in a cost effective
way.
 E-learning
• Training can take place independently
in the workplace.
• Training opportunities online.
• Suits certain types of training, such as
health and safety training.
• Online tests can assess knowledge.
• Cheaper for the business.
• Not suitable for all employees or all
types of jobs.
• Reliant on the motivation of the
employee carrying out the training
independently.
 Importance and benefits of
training employees
“We believe in investing in our
employees to help them fulfil their
potential and progress in their
careers, so we take training
seriously.

We invest more than £36 million

in training and development each
year.”
Just a minute…

You have 60 seconds to

note down the benefits to
McDonalds of investing in
staff training
 Concept links

Can you link

these concepts?
Costs

Retention

Motivation
Sentence starter - One benefit
of McDonald’s investment in
Training
staff training is…
 Concept links

Sentence starter - One benefit

of McDonald’s investment in
staff training is…
This will mean
Costs
McDonalds can
As a result,
Retention keep their
staff will be
recruitment and
content with
Staff selection costs
Motivation their work and
motivation will down, which is
less likely to
increase as important in the
leave,
employees feel highly competitive
increasing staff
Training more valued. fast food market.
retention
rates.
 Benefits of training

Higher quality work

Increased motivation

Better levels of customer service

Increased productivity

Less supervision required

Easier to recruit and retain employees

Better able to adapt to changes in technology

 Training to deal with changes in
technology
Tottenham Hotspur’s planned new
stadium is set to be one of the most
technologically advanced stadia ever
built.
McDonalds plans to upgrade its branches
across the UK. The plan to equip
restaurants with high technology
“experience of the future kiosks” will
allow customers to order and pay for their
food. This technology means that
customers can opt for table service rather
than having to queue at a counter.
Just a minute…

You have 60 seconds to

note down how new
technology may affect
employees in these
businesses.
 Training in new technology
• Types – off the job training provided by the supplier of the new technology. This is
quite common for new ICT packages and equipment. Tottenham Hotspur is
partnering with Hewlett Packard on the new stadium initiative.

• Types – on the job training provided by a member of staff who has received
training and shows fellow workers how to use the new technology in the business.
• Costs - training will cost money, this might be a direct charge for a course or the
cost might be included in the purchase of the new technology equipment. There
can also be indirect costs, such as covering for employees who are absent from
work because they are being trained.
• Benefits - training to use new technology will increase employee efficiency. Well
trained staff will help to ensure that quality is maintained or improved in the
business. This can lead to products that are cheaper to produce which can
therefore be more competitively priced, as well as being of good quality.
Factors affecting the choice of training

Type of job

Firm’s budget

Time available

Business resources to deliver in-house

Employee needs and objectives of the business

Most appropriate methods of training

Waiting staff in Secondary school British Airways

Jamie’s Italian teacher in a large airline pilots
Restaurant comprehensive
Select the most appropriate type of training that each of the above businesses should
choose to ensure each employee can perform their job role to the best of their ability.
Be prepared to justify your choices.
 Ideas…. most appropriate methods of
training
Waiting staff in Jamie’s Italian
Restaurant
Low level of skill; low staff
retention, therefore cost
minimisation is key: on the job
training through coaching, work
shadowing – there will be other
staff available to demonstrate
the requirements of the job
Secondary school teacher
High level of skill; course requirements
change frequently; cost, budget and
teacher cover arrangements will
impact choice: off the job training
through external courses to ensure
that curriculum requirements are met;
on the job through coaching with
more experienced teachers within the
department or across different
subjects areas
British Airways airline pilots
High level of skill; health & safety
a priority; pilots will not be able to
fly until fully trained: off the job
through external courses to gain
appropriate qualifications and
pilots license; training provided by
personal flight instructors; on the
job through First Office or co-pilot
work