13 – Magnetically Coupled Circuits

Electrical Network Analysis

(By AP Muhammad Shafique)

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 13 – Magnetically Coupled Circuits
Key Points:
 Introduction
 Mutual and Self Inductance
 The Dot Convention
 Reflected Impedance
 Linear and Ideal Transformer
 Impedance Matching
 Auto Transformer

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 Introduction
• Energy is transferred from one part of circuit to the other by flow of
current; such Circuits are conductively coupled or electrically coupled
Circuits.
• When energy is transferred in part of Circuit through Magnetism, the
Circuits are called as Magnetically Coupled Circuits.
• Relays and Transformers are the examples of such circuits.

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 Mutual and Self Induction
• When the current is flowing through an Inductor, a Voltage is
induced in the coil. (Chapter 7 Reference Book)
• When the Current flowing in a coil (inductor) induces voltage in
neighboring coils, it is called mutual induction.
• Mutual Induction depends upon the medium in which the coils
are placed. Like air, iron, or Ferro-magnet material.

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 Mutual Induction

Mutual Induction is an extent at which one coil induces voltage in neighboring

coils and is denoted by M. Units are Henry, same as Inductance.

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 Dot Convention
• Direction of Flux follows the Direction of Current
using Right Hand Rule.
• The direction of flux determines the polarity of
the induced voltage.
• While looking at the winding physically, it is
easier to determine the direction of current, flux
and hence the polarity of the induced voltage.
• Same becomes impossible on circuit diagram
drawn a piece of paper.

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 Dot Convention

How to analyze circuits having mutual induction. Let’s see an Example.

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Example

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 Practice Problem

Students to solve Practice Problem and Example shown above by Themselves.

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 Transformer
• Generally a four terminal device, working on principle of
magnetism and induced voltages.
• Main purpose of voltage is to increase or decrease the input
voltages.
• Other transformers are for impedance matching or isolation.

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 Linear Transformer

• Linear indicates that the material over which the coils are wound remains linear with respect to its
permeability of the material.
• Resistors are here to account for the losses.
• L1 and L2 are Primary and Secondary Coils or Windings respectively.
• Similarly I1 and I2 are the Primary and Secondary Currents.
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Ideal Transformer

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Ideal Transformer

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Ideal Transformer – Various Dotted Terminals

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Example

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Example

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 Reflected Impedance

Reflected Impedance means moving the Secondary Impedance

to Primary or vice versa.

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Example – 13.8 Using Reflected Impedance

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Example

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 Practice Problem

Students to solve Practice Problem shown above by Themselves.

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Continued. . .

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End of Chapter No. 13

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