ORHB COVID-19 RCCE/Vaccine

Demand Generation Training

Overview & Basic Facts of
COVID-19 Virus

By Desta Deressa (BSc, MSc_HME)

May, 2022
ADAMA
Presentation Outline:
 Coronavirus (CoV) Background
 Clinical features
 Mode of transmission of COVID -19
 COVID-19 Complications
 COVID-19 Case updates
 COVID-19 Vaccination Global and national Updates
 Challenges
 Recommendations
Coronavirus (CoV) Background

 Large family of viruses that cause respiratory

illness
 Belongs to Coronaviridae family
 First isolated in the 1960s
 Circulates among animals and humans
(zoonotic)
 Have a crown-like appearance under the
electron microscope, that is why the viruses
named after the Latin word corona, meaning
'crown' or 'halo'.
 Zoonotic diseases and human spread 1

Zoonotic Amplification
transmission

1. Transmission 2. Transmission 3.Transmission

between animal from animal host between humans
hosts to humans
Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs)
 Named for the crown-like spikes on surface
 4 subgroupings (alpha, beta, gamma, delta)
 Seven coronaviruses that can infect humans
 Common HCoV:
 HCoV-229E (alpha)
 HCoV-OC43 (alpha)
 HCoV-NL63 (beta)
 HCoV-HKU1 (beta)
 Other CoVs:
 SARS-CoV (beta)
Produced by the National Institute of Allergy
 MERS-CoV (beta) and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), this highly

magnified, digitally colorized transmission
SARS-CoV-2 (beta)
electron microscopic (TEM) image, reveals
ultrastructural details exhibited by a single,
spherical shaped, Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion.
Clinical features

 The most commonly reported symptoms are:

 fever, cough, myalgia or fatigue, chest pain,
and complicated dyspnea
 Less common reported symptoms include:
 headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, runny nose,
and phlegm-producing cough ,loss of test, loss
smell
 Patients with mild symptoms were reported to
recover after 1 week
 severe cases were reported to experience
progressive respiratory failure due to alveolar
damage from the virus, which may lead to death
 Clinical features
 Most people infected with the COVID-19
virus will experience mild to moderate
respiratory illness and recover without
requiring special treatment
 Wide range of symptoms for COVID-19
disease, from Mild to very severe ARDS
have been reported
 Common symptoms: fever, chills, cough,
shortness of breath, fatigue, headache
 Other symptoms: muscle or body aches,
sore throat, new loss of smell or taste,
Rash on skin or discoloration of fingers or
toes and diarrhea.
 Majority of COVID-19 illnesses are mild
(~80%) and recover without
hospitalization
 Approximately 14%– 19% of cases are
hospitalized and 3%–5% will develop
severe disease that require ICU admission
Clinical features
…Continued

 Incubation period: range 2 to 14 days

SARS-CoV-2 5- 6
SARS-CoV 4.7
MERS-CoV 5.8
 Reproductive number: 2-3, doubles
within 5-7 seven days
 …Continued

There is a variety of Clinical syndromes associated with

COVID-19

WHO classifies these into ;

1.Mild Illness

2.Pneumonia

3.Severe Pneumonia

4.Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

5.Sepsis

6.Septic Shock
Mode of transmission of COVID -19
The main modes are ;
1.Respiratory droplets
Droplet transmission: within 1 m with someone who
has respiratory symptoms (e.g., coughing or
sneezing)

2. Contact with contaminated Objects and Surfaces.

Aerosol Transmission ; in Aerosol Generating

Procedures such as bronchoscopy , tracheal intubation,
CPR, Collection/induction of sputum, Airway Suctioning
and Passage of a nasogastric tube
Mode of transmission of COVID -19

 From person to person through respiratory

droplets, from sneezing, coughing and
talking

 Aerosols, indirect transmission through

contaminated fomites

 Pre-symptomatic (prior to symptom onset)

or asymptomatic & Symptomatic can
transmit infection

 Contact with contaminated objects &

surfaces

 Estimated incubation period is between 2

and 14 days with a median of 5 days
 Viral Shedding- 2days before symptoms to 8
days after symptom in mild cases and longer
in severe cases

 Asymptomatic carriers : 2% - 80%

 Transmission- pre-symptomatic, symptomatic,

asymptomatic

 Blood donation- no available data

 Principles of Case management
 Protect care giver – follow IPC guidance
 Control fever and pain
 Fluid resuscitation
 Monitor oxygen saturation
 ARDS management (Mechanical ventilator)
 Treatment of co-infection
 Prevention of complications
 Treatment of underlying medical condition
 Provide proper discharge advice and follow up
 In case of death, follow steps for safe and dignified
burial
COVID-19 - COMPLICATIONS

1. Acute liver injury

2. Acute kidney injury

3. Acute cardiac injury or shock.

4. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ( ARDS)

5. Respiratory Failure
COVID-19 Vaccination Global
and national Updates
Global COVID-19 Vaccination Target

https://www.unicef.org/supply/media/10206/file/37-Achieving-Global-Covid-19-Vaccination-Tania-Cernuschi.pdf
Global COVID-19 Vaccination Goal:

https://www.unicef.org/supply/media/10206/file/37-Achieving-Global-Covid-19-Vaccination-Tania-Cernuschi.pdf
https://www.unicef.org/supply/media/10206/file/37-Achieving-Global-Covid-19-Vaccination-Tania-Cernuschi.pdf
Global Vaccine Updates_As of June 02, 2022

Country Dose Dose per Fully Vaccine Being Used

Administered 1000 Vaccinated
popn Popn %
Ethiopia 29,373,478 268.9 19.19% COVAX in, Johnson &
Johnson, Oxford/Astra
Zeneca, Sinopharm/Beijing,
Sinovac

https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/covid-19-vaccination-tracker/
Updates of Oromia:
 Health Workers
received at least
one dose
= 93,936 (94.61%)
 Health Workers
fully vaccinated
(2 doses) =80,125

During Second Round

Oromia COVID-19 vaccination Campaign

 12 zones and 19 towns

administration
targeted for R1 Covid
19 Vaccination
Campaign
 All antigen Allocated
for this campaign
2,597,903
R1 Covid 19 Vaccination Campaign-Oromia 34
Oromia COVID-19 vaccination Campaign
Performance as of January 2022

2500000 2344387 120%

107%
99%
2000000
94% 93% 100%

79% 80%

1500000 Performance 1326022

Coverage 60%

1000000
40%

500000 370725
339670 307970 20%

0 0%
JJ AZ Sinopharm All Antigen Pfizer

COVID-19 Vaccintation Campaign 35

Challenges:

 Vaccine Hesitancy
Recommendation and the way Forward:
 Awareness raising activities (focusing on risk
perception and personalization)
 Improve public awareness on COVID-19,
perceived benefits of vaccination
 Media brief, Production and dissemination of
tailored messages and communication
 Improve community engagement and
ownership
 Advocate to mainstream COVID-19 related
message to remain top regional agenda
 Conduct d/t community dialog on vaccine
uptake
Recommendation and …
 Strengthening Multi Sectorial Response
 Enforcing all institution planning on covid-19
prevention and control activities

 Ensure availability of COVID-19 response

coordination committee at each level

 Making COVID-19 response a regular core

agenda of each institution management
Recommendation and …
 COVID-19 Vaccine Demand
Generation
 Monitoring of availability and use
of NPIs resources
 Regular supervision & monitoring
of institutional COVID-19
response plan implementation
Expected changes and Actions

 COVID-19 Vaccines Rollout

 Vaccine advocacy and awareness creation

 Vaccine mandate for certain groups of the

society

 Targeted vaccination campaign and

economical use of the vaccines

Daily Morning Briefing

Thank You!