REGULATION OF BODY

FLUIDS IN PLANTS
ARCABAL, TORENO, MAHINLO
 PLANTS

• A LIVING ORGANISM THAT TYPICALLY GROWS IN A

PERMANENT SITE, ABSORBING WATER AND
INORGANIC SUBSTANCES THROUGH ITS ROOTS,
AND SYNTHESIZING NUTRIENTS IN ITS LEAVES BY
PHOTOSYNTHESIS USING THE GREEN PIGMENT
CALLED CHLOROPHYLL.
 BODY FLUID

REFERS TO ANY FLUID PRODUCED BY A

LIVING ORGANISM
• PLANT ONLY HAVE WATER AS ITS BODY
FLUID
• PLANTS
• – USED OSMOREGULATION TO REGULATE THE FLUIDS IN THEIR
BODIES
• – HIGHER PLANTS REGULATE WATER LOSS BY THE USE OF STOMATA
ON THE UNDERSIDE OF THEIR LEAVES
• – PLANT CELLS DEPEND ON VACUOLES TO MANAGE THE
OSMOLARITY OF THEIR CYTOPLASM.
• • VACUOLES
• – HELP MAINTAIN WATER BALANCE
– A SINE VACUOLE CAN TAKE MOST OF THE INTERIOR SPACE OF
THE PLANT
 OSMOREGULATION

• THE PROCESS OF OSMOREGULATION IS DONE

BY THE CELLS IN THE LEAVES OF A PLANT TO
MAINTAIN THE TURGOR PRESSURE INSIDE THE
CELL. A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF SUGAR IS
MAINTAINED IN THE VACUOLE OF THE CELL TO
BALANCE THE OSMOTIC PRESSURE AND MAKE
THE CELL SWELL.
TURGOR PRESSURE
– IS THE FORCE THAT PUSHES THE
CONTENTS OF A PLANT CELL
OUTWARDS. IT IS THE PRESSURE THAT IS
GENERATED BY THE CONTENTS OF THE
CELL.
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
– IS THE FORCE OR PRESSURE
CREATED BY THE MOVEMENT OF
WATER INTO OR OUT OF PLANT CELLS
DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN SOLUTE
CONCENTRATION (LIKE SALTS AND
 OSMOTIC IN LIVING
ORGANISMS/CELLS
• OSMOSIS IS A FUNDAMENTAL PROCESS IN LIVING
ORGANISMS AND CELLS, WITH HYPERTONIC, HYPOTONIC,
AND ISOTONIC ENVIRONMENTS PLAYING CRUCIAL ROLES
IN MAINTAINING CELLULAR BALANCE.

HYPERTONIC, HYPOTONIC, AND ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS:

THESE TERMS DESCRIBE THE RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS
OF SOLUTES INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE CELL.
 HYPERTONIC

A VERY SOLUTE-RICH LIQUID.

• IN A HYPERTONIC ENVIRONMENT, THE
EXTERNAL SOLUTION HAS A HIGHER
SOLUTE CONCENTRATION THAN THE
CELL’S CYTOPLASM. THIS LEADS TO
WATER MOVING OUT OF THE CELL,
CAUSING IT TO SHRINK OR UNDERGO
PLASMOLYSIS. THIS CONDITION CAN
IMPACT CELL FUNCTION AND MAY
LEAD TO DEHYDRATION.
 HYPOTONIC

A VERY WATERY LIQUID.

• IN A HYPOTONIC ENVIRONMENT, THE
EXTERNAL SOLUTION HAS A LOWER
SOLUTE CONCENTRATION THAN THE
CELL’S CYTOPLASM. WATER RUSHES
INTO THE CELL, CAUSING IT TO SWELL
AND POTENTIALLY BURST, A
CONDITION KNOWN AS CYTOLYSIS.
WHILE PLANTS HAVE CELL WALLS TO
COUNTERACT THIS, ANIMAL CELLS
CAN BE MORE VULNERABLE IN
 ISOTONIC
A LIQUID THAT’S IN BETWEEN.
• IN AN ISOTONIC ENVIRONMENT, THE
EXTERNAL SOLUTION HAS THE SAME
SOLUTE CONCENTRATION AS THE
CELL’S CYTOPLASM. THERE IS A
BALANCED MOVEMENT OF WATER IN
AND OUT OF THE CELL, MAINTAINING
ITS SHAPE AND FUNCTION. ISOTONIC
CONDITIONS ARE OPTIMAL FOR MANY
CELLS, PROVIDING STABILITY AND
PREVENTING CHANGES IN CELL
THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF PLANTS

• HALOPHYTES
• XEROPHYTES
• HYDROPHYT
ES
• MESOPHYTES
HALOPHYTES
– THE TERM “HALOPHYTE” IS
DERIVED FROM THE GREEK
WORD “HALO,” WHICH MEANS
“SALT,” AND “PHYTES,” WHICH
EXAMPLE: MANGROVE
MEANS “PLANT.”
– HALOPHYTES ARE PLANTS
ADAPTED TO GROW IN SALINE OR
SALTY ENVIRONMENTS AND
HAVE SPECIFIC MECHANISMS TO
TOLERATE HIGH SALT
CONCENTRATIONS.
XEROPHYTES
– THE TERM “XEROPHYTE” IS
DERIVED FROM THE GREEK
WORD “XERO,” WHICH MEANS
“DRY,” AND “PHYTES,” WHICH
MEANS “PLANT.”
– XEROPHYTES ARE PLANTS
ADAPTED TO ARID OR DRY EXAMPLE: CACTUS

ENVIRONMENTS AND HAVE

SPECIALIZED FEATURES TO
HYDROPHYTES
– THE TERM “HYDROPHYTE” IS
DERIVED FROM THE GREEK WORD
“HYDRO,” WHICH MEANS “WATER,”
AND “PHYTES,” WHICH MEANS
“PLANT.”
– HYDROPHYTES ARE PLANTS
ADAPTED TO AQUATIC OR
WATERLOGGED ENVIRONMENTS EXAMPLE: WATER LILY

AND HAVE UNIQUE FEATURES TO

THRIVE IN OR NEAR WATER.
MESOPHYTES
– THE TERM “MESOPHYTE” IS
DERIVED FROM THE GREEK WORD
“MESO,” WHICH MEANS “MIDDLE,”
AND “PHYTES,” WHICH MEANS
“PLANT.”
– MESOPHYTES ARE PLANTS THAT
THRIVE IN ENVIRONMENTS WITH
MODERATE WATER AVAILABILITY, EXAMPLE: ROSE
TYPICALLY IN CONDITIONS THAT ARE
NEITHER EXTREMELY DRY NOR
EXCESSIVELY WET.
 REFERENCES

• HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/NZQILEHXVAM?SI=PAQWNS_QVJTXZZR4
• HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/JILQYH0MDYW?SI=AA3Q9JJT9ZMZGU4R
• HTTPS://WWW.YACLASS.IN/P/SCIENCE-STATE-BOARD/CLASS-9/ENVIRONMENTAL-S
CIENCE-6233/ADAPTATION-IN-PLANTS-ANIMALS-AND-CONSERVATION-OF-WATER-
6455/RE-A55129D4-E129-4215-85CE-1AB287DD48DE

• HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/RMA9MZP19ZI?SI=ESRL96NVKN4J9RXT