JUNKER’S GAS CALORIMETER

ENERGY SOURCE AND UTLIZATION LABORATORY

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, AGARTALA
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PRESENTED BY :-
B.TECH year (-semester)
GROUP-A(SECTION-C)

20UCH019 : AJMEERA VINAY KUMAR

20UCH020 : GOVIND SINGH
20UCH021 : KOSURIMEGHANA
20UCH022 : ALOK KUMAR
20UCH024 : KASHISHBAIGA
20UCH025 : SANANDA PAUL
OBJECTIVES :

To determine the calorific value of LPG

with the help of Junker’s Gas
Calorimeter.
To able to know about calorific value of
fuel.
WHAT IS CALORIFIC VALUE?

Calorific value is the amount of heat energy present in fuel and

which is determined by the complete combustion of specified
quantity at constant pressure and in normal conditions.

Unit of calorific value is kilo joule per kilogram i.e KJ/Kg.

WHY WE HAVE TO STUDY CALORIFIC VALUE ?

The efficiency of fuel mainly depends on the calorific value. If

the value is high , its efficiency will also be high. If the value is
low , its efficiency would also decrease. Calorific value is
directly proportional to its efficiency.
 AIM

APPARTUS

THEORY

PROCEDURE

PRECUATIONS

CONCLUSION
AIM-:

TO FIND THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF A GIVEN

GASEOUS FUEL WITH THE HELP OF
JUNKER’S GAS CALORIMETER
 APPARATUS
Apparatus arrangement flow chart:

PRESSURE GAS FLOW

LPG GOVERNER METER
CALORIMETER
JARS
MAIN
PRESSURE MAIN GAS FLOW
CALORIMETER
GOVERNER BODY METER BODY
BODY

BALANCING INLET/OUTLET THREE

BEAM NOZZLES THERMOMETERS

UNION NET WITH

COUNTER
WASHER FOR
BALANCE TUBE Gas Calorimeter
THERMOMETERS
Gas Flow Meter

INLET AND
OUTLET UNION Pressure
NUTS WITH Governor
WASHERS

Hot
water
outlet

Gas inlet

Bunsen Burner
Junker’s gas calorimeter picture:
 THEORY:
Principle of Junker Gas Calorimeter:-
 The Junker’s Gas Calorimeter
Experiment works on the principle of a
gas(closed combustion chamber) on
constant temperature, whose volume is
known. The Temperature(°C) of water
and gas is measured along with flow rate
of gas to measure the calorific value.
 The gas has complete combustion and
the total heat is transferred into the water.
 In this experiment, when a known volume
of gas is burnt then the surrounding water
temperature is rised and calculate the
calorific value of gaseous fuel.
Working of Apparatus :

Pressure Governor:
This is to regulate the pressure of gas before it enters the flowmeter. These
governors are factory adjusted for a required pressure.

Gas Flow Meter:

The Gas Flow is a wet type Gas Flow Meter, with recording facility on a
mechanical counter of the number of revolutions made, which gives total
volume of gas burnt.
One complete cycle means one litre gas pass
Through the meter.
 Calorimeter:

 It is vertical cylinder chamber coated by

Vanadium pentoxide() or chromium outside
to reduce the loss of heat from the
calorimeter.
 Heat exchanger coils are fitted inside the
system.
 The device have two path for water which
have copper coil arrangements one path is
the inlet and other is outlet water pass
through the copper coil.
 The gas burnt inside chamber the heat
generated is used to increase the
temperature of water.
 Thermometers are used in the device to
measure the inlet and outlet temperature
of water.
EXPERMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1. We have to pore water into the governor
till water starts overflowing through the
overflow passage.

2. Then we have to replace and tighten the

overflow nut and insert three
thermometers provided with calorimeter
into the rubber corks.

3. Then we have to insert burner into its

supported rod in the bottom of the
calorimeter and turn the knob in such a
way so that the burner is fixed tightly.

4. Then we have to connect the

calorimeter , the flow meter and the
pressure governor using rubber tubing
provided and we have to take care to see
that the water regulator of calorimeter is
in OFF position.
Continue…

5. Then turn the water regulator knob of

calorimeter to ON position. Allow water to flow
through the calorimeter from overhead tank/tap.

6. Light up the burner and adjust the air

regulator sleeve at the bottom of the burner to
get a blue , non-luminous flame and fix the
lighted burner back into position.

7. The outlet water is allowed to attain a steady

temperature.

8. Then we will measure the water flow rate with

the help of measuring jar and Simultaneously note
the flow meter reading.

9. Note down the inlet & outlet water

temperatures.

10. Repeat the test with the same volume of gas 3

to 4 times and take average temperatures of inlet
and outlet water
OBSEVATIONS:-
Volume of gas in liters consume during test period = VG
Volume of water in liters passed during test period =VW
Outlet water temperature in degree Celsius =T2
Inlet water temperature in degree Celsius =T1

CALCULATIONS:-
The formula to be used to calculate the calorific value to the LPG is as
follows :-

𝐶 .𝑉 .=
𝑉𝑊
𝑉𝐺 ( )
× ( 𝑇 2 − 𝑇 1) × 1000 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙 / 𝑚3

Where ,

C.V = calorific value of gas in kcal/m^3

PRECAUTIONS:-

1. The gas flow meter should be kept in a perfect horizontal

position and there should not be any excess water.
2. Do not rotate the pointer of the gas flow meter by hand
especially when there is water inside the meter as it may
damage the meter
3. Test readings for water inlet and outlet temperatures and gas
flow rates are to be taken only after the steady state
conditions are reached.
4. Water flow must be at a uniform rate and any fluctuation in
the flow rate must be avoided.
CONCLUSION :

 The experiment was done successfully and the group was

successful in attaining the objective and find the calorific
value of LPG. This Calorimeter covers a wide range
between 120 BTU (1000 to 26000 K Cal/m3).

 After performing the experiment conclude that the

method is based on heat transfer from burning the known
quantity of gaseous fuel for heating the known quantity of
water that circulates in a copper coil heat.
 Applications

 Coke Oven Batteries

 Thermal Power Houses
 Cement Industries
 Fuel Gas Producers & Consumers
 Petroleum Industries
 Steel Plants
 Fertilizer Units
Thank You