Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ITS
COMPOUND
Organic compounds are
generally the compounds with
C-H bond.
Atomic Number
6
Valenc
y 4
CARBON
Earth’s crust has only 0.02%
1 carbon in the form of minerals.
.
Cotton Cellulose
x
H H
x
xx
N N
xx
xx
N2 molecule
Examples of Covalent
Bond
Carbon atomic no. 6
Hydrogen atomic no. 1
H X C X H
X
H
ALLOTROPES OF
CARBON
Allotropism is the property of some
elements to exist in two or more
different forms, in the same physical
state, known as allotropes of the
elements.
● Hardest
hexagonal array.
1. Catenation
2. Tetravalency
The property of carbon element due to
which its atom can join with one another
to form long carbon chains is known as
catenation (self-linking).
Silicon forms compounds with hydrogen
which have chains of upto seven or eight
atoms, but these compounds are very
reactive.
Types of
Hydrocarbons
Saturated
Unsaturated
Saturated
Hydrocarbon
Methane 1 CH4
● A hydrocarbon
with only single
Ethane 2 C2H6
bonds.
● Also known as
‘Alkanes’.
Propane 3 C3H8
● General
formula-
CnH2n+2
(n= no. of carbon atoms) Butane 4
C4H10
● Not very
reactive
Prentane 5
. C5H12
Unsaturated
Hydrocarbon
Ethane 2 C2H4
Propane 3 C3H6
Butane 4 C4H8
Propyne 3 C3H4
Butyne 4 C4H6
1. Potassium permanganate
SAPONIFICATIO
N
On treating with sodium hydroxide, which is an
alkali, the ester is converted back to alcohol and
sodium salt of carboxylic acid.