Types of English &

Motivation
1. What is Language?
2. What is Language and Identity?
3. English
• World English
• World Englishes
• Global English
6. English as Foreign Language in Turkey
7. Motivation
• Types of motivation
 1. What is Language?
• 100,000 and 50,000 years ago
• Language is the systematic rules of a signifying system
Parole is the concrete instances of the use of langue
( Ferdinand de Saussure)
• individual characteristics
• divine source
• concept of natural sounds “bow-wow theory”
• “yo-he-ho” theory
• Organs of speech
• innateness hypothesis (mid- to late 20th century
Chomsky)
• Historical linguistics
• Cognitive linguistics
 2. What is identity?

• Self
• Culture
• Way of life
• Sense of belonging
• „Us vs. Them”
• Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
 3. The English Language
• World English
• World Englishes (official, semi-official, extra)
• Global English (special purpose)
• EFL (School)
• ESL (Country)
• ELF (Common Language)
• ENL (1st Language)
 4. English in Turkey
• Modernization of Turkey (Ottoman Empire 1299  Republic
1923)
• Changes in the alphabet & official language
• National Identity
• International relations
• The importance of English in Turkey
• Exams in Turkey (YDS)
5. Motivation in Language Learning

-Individual Differences(Age,Sex,Aptitude,Motivation)
-Factors which energize behavior and give direction
-Not given, not innate

Types of Motivation
-Intrinsic vs. extrinsic : Doing it for pleasure vs. Comes from external
stimuli (parental approval).
-Instrumental vs. Integrative: passing a language requirement, getting a
monetary reward vs. Target culture influence
Sources
• Cumming, B. (2006). The Relationship between Language, Culture and Identity and the Implication for
Language Teaching and Language Policy. Publication of the Centre for British and American Studies.
https://aichipu. repo.nii.ac.jp> Accessed 06/11/2019
• Crystal, David. English as a Global Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Print.
• Dörnyei, Z. (2014). Motivation in second language learning. In M. Celce-Murcia, D. M. Brinton & M. A.
Snow (Eds.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language (4th ed., pp. 518–531). Boston, MA:
National Geographic Learning/Cengage Learning.
• Sapir, E. (1921). Language, an introduction to the study of speech: an introduction to the study of speech.
New York: Harcourt, Brace.
• Seidlhofer, Barbara. "English as a Lingua Franca". ELT Journal 59.4 (2005): 339-341. Web. 11 Nov. 2019
• Solak, Ekrem & Bayar, Adem. (2015). Current Challenges in English Language Learning in Turkish EFL
Context. Participatory Educational Research, 2(1), pp. 106-115.
• Zafar, S., & Meenakshi, F. (2012). Individual learner differences and second language acquisition: A
review. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3(4), 639-646.
• Zou, Hang. "Language Identity and Cultural Difference". International Journal of Social Science and
Humanity (2012): 465-467. Print.
for your attention!