TYPES OF SPEECH

CONTEXT

DRURY B.
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1. Intrapersonal
2. interpersonal
3. public communication
4. mass communication
DRURY B.
TYPES OF SPEECH
STYLES

DRURY B.
 FORMAL/ACADEMIC
A verbal presentation of document
intends to share information and
conforms to establish professional
rules, standards and processes. It
avoids slang terms.
 FROZEN
Considered to be the most
formal style that I usually used in
formal events or ceremony. It has
the purpose of sharing ideas
through speech delivery and it
uses archaic terms.
 CONSULTATIVE
Observed in a regular
conversation with the intention
of seeking for solutions or asking
info. Shorter and less well
planned. Uses in/formal
language.
 INTIMATE
Style observed among close
members of family or friends that
do not need a complete clear
articulation. Uses short
utterances and informal
language.
 CASUAL
Used in conversation
between individuals who have
shared background info. Free
and easy and uses
colloquial/slang terms.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
It is the sending and receiving of
messages across languages and cultures.
It is also a negotiated understanding of
meaning in human experiences across
social systems and societies.
(Arent, Russell. Bridging the Cross-Cultural Gap Listening and Speaking Tasks for Developing Fluency in
English: Michigan ELT, 2009)
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
- It is a global com’nused to describe the wide
range of communication problems that
naturally appear within an organization made
up of individuals from different religious,
social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds.
IDENTIFY the speech
style of the acted
situation.
TYPES OF SPEECH
ACT

DRURY B.
SPEECH ACTS are the speaker’s
utterances which convey meaning
and make listeners do specific things
(Austin, 1962).

DRURY B.
It is an utterance that a speaker
makes to achieve an intended
effect.

DRURY B.
Some of the functions which
are carried out using speech acts
are offering an apology, greeting,
request, complaint, invitation,
compliment, or refusal
DRURY B.
 LOCUTIONARY
It occurs when the speaker performs an
utterance (locution),
which has a meaning in the traditional
sense.
Utterance has sense and has the same
meaning to both the speaker and the
listener.
LA is the production of a meaningful
linguistic expression, (Mey, 2009: 1002).

* follows the rules of pronunciation and

grammar.
 ilLOCUTIONARY
It is the social function of what is said.
It is “what is done in uttering the words.”
It is the performance of the act of saying
something with a specific intention.
 expressing beliefs
 expressing reactions – emotion/feelings
making other perform of do something
 committing to do something in the future
SEARLE’S CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH ACTS
1. ASSERTIVE – the speaker expresses belief
about the truth of a proposition. Examples:
suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting,
and concluding.
2. DIRECTIVE – the speaker tries to make the
addressee perform an action. Examples: asking,
requesting, inviting, advising, and begging.
3. COMMISSIVE – the speaker commits to doing
something in the future.
Examples: promising, planning, vowing, and
betting.
4. EXPRESSIVE – the speaker expresses his/her
feelings or emotional reactions. Examples:
thanking, apologizing, welcoming, and deploring.
5. DECLARATIVE – the speaker brings a
change in the external situation. Declarations
bring into existence or cause the state of affairs
which they refer to.
Examples: blessing, firing, baptizing, passing a
sentence, and excommunicating.
 perLOCUTIONARY
It is the resulting act of what is said.
This effect is based on the particular
context in which the speech act was
mentioned.
 perlocutionary
It happens when what the speaker
says has an effect on the listener
changing one’s thoughts of feelings.
 perlocutionary
Manifested in persuading, inspiring,
motivating, enlightening as well as
scaring.
Communicative
Strategies
Since engaging in conversation is also
bound by implicit rules, strategies must be
used to start and maintain a conversation.
Knowing and applying grammar
appropriately is one of the most basic
strategies to maintain a conversation. Cohen,1990)
(

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 NOMINATION
A speaker carries out nominations to
collaboratively and productively establish
a topic. It opens a topic with the people
you are talking to.
You may start off with new inquiries and
new announcements as they promise
extended talk.
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 RESTRICTION
It is the limitation you may have as a
speaker. Speakers are typically given
specific instructions that you must
follow which confine you as a
speaker and limit what you can say
to avoid communication
breakdowns.
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 TURN-TAKING
Process by which people decide who
takes the conversation. There is a code of
behavior behind establishing and
sustaining a productive conversation, but
the primary idea is to give all
communicators a chance to speak.

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 TURN-TAKING
To acknowledge others, you may
employ visual signals like a nod, a
look, or a step back, and you could
accompany these signals with
spoken cues such as “What do you
think?” etc.
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 TOPIC-SHIFTING
Involves moving from one topic
to another. It is where one part of
a conversation ends and where
another begins.

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 TOPIC-SHIFTING
You may use effective
conversational transitions to
indicate a shift like “By the way,” “In
addition to what you said,” “Which
reminds me of,” etc.

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 REPAIR
Repair is the self-righting mechanism in
any social
interaction
(Schegloff et al, 1977).

Refers to how speakers address the

problems they encounter in the
process.
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 TERMINATION
Refers to the participants’ close-
initiating expressions that end a topic
in a conversation. Most of the time,
the topic initiator takes responsibility
to signal the end of the discussion as
well.
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 TERMINATION
 sharing what you learned from
the conversation,
 soliciting agreement from the
other participants usually completes
the discussion of the topic
meaningfully
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 IDENTIFY the type of
communicative strategy in
each statement.

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1. “Do you have
anything to say?”
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 2. “One of the essential lessons I
gained from the discussion is the
importance of sports and wellness
to a healthy lifestyle.”

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 3. “Excuse me? I think we should
speak one at a time, so we can
clearly understand what we want
to say about the issue.”

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 4. “Go on with your ideas.
I’ll let you finish first before
I say something.”

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 5. “Have you heard the news
about the latest achievement of
our government?”

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 6. “Hey, how are you? I
missed you!”
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 7. “Best regards to your
parents! See you
around!”
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 “Good to see you. Anyway, I
8.
came to visit you because I
want to personally offer
apologies for what I did
yesterday.”
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 9.“Sorry, I can’t decide on
that now. I am still focused
on my writing assignment.
Let’s talk next time, okay?”
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10. “Now, it’s your turn
to ask questions.”

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