Examples of Astronomical

Phenomena Before the

Advent of Telescopes

RAHANIE G. PAJIJI, RN, LPT

Ancient astronomers were able to observe the following2 even
before the advent of telescope. Check all that may apply.

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1. rising and setting of the Sun in the east and the west,
respectively
2. where the Sun rises and sets in the horizon varies in a year

3. phases of the moon

4. lunar eclipse

5. solar eclipse

6. daily and annual motion of the stars, and planets Mercury, Venus,
Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
Label the eight (8) phases of the moon below.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of

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paper.
first quarter
waxing crescent
waxing gibbous
last quarter
full moon
waning gibbous
waning crescent
new moon
Objective: 4

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PRESENTATION TITLE
1. explain what is astronomy;
2. enumerate the examples of astronomical
phenomena;
3. describe the phases of the moon;
 5
ASTRONOMY

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- is the science of the universe outside of our
planet.
- branch of physical science dealing with
heavenly bodies.
 6
Constellations

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- THE EARLIEST ASTRONOMERS DIVIDED THE
NIGHT SKY INTO GROUPS OF STARS.
- ARE MAINLY A CARRYOVER FROM THE NAMES
ASSIGNED BY EARLY GREEK, BABYLONIAN AND
EGYPTIAN ASTRONOMERS.
 7
Constellations

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 STIMULATED STORY-TELLING AND
 CREATION OF GREAT MYTHS.
 HONORED GREAT HEROES LIKE HERCULES
AND ORION OR SERVED AS NAVIGATIONAL
AIDS FOR TRAVELERS AND SAILORS.
 8
Constellations

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 ON THE OTHER HAND, SOME PEOPLE
BELIEVE THAT CONSTELLATIONS PROVIDED
A GUIDE FOR PLANTING AND HARVESTING
CROPS FOR THEY WERE SEEN TO MOVE
PERIODICALLY IN THE SKY, IN CONCERT
WITH THE SEASONS.
 9
Some Astronomical Terms for Students

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 10
Some Astronomical Terms for Students

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PRESENTATION TITLE
 11
Ancient astronomers were able to observe the
following:

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1. RISING AND SETTING OF THE SUN IN
THE EAST AND THE WEST,
RESPECTIVELY,
2. POINT WHERE THE SUN RISES AND
SETS IN THE HORIZON VARIES IN A
YEAR,
3. PHASES OF THE MOON,
 12
Ancient astronomers were able to observe the following:

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4. LUNAR ECLIPSE,
5. SOLAR ECLIPSE,
6. DAILY AND ANNUAL MOTION OF THE STARS,
AND PLANETS MERCURY, VENUS, MARS,
JUPITER, AND SATURN.
 Rising and setting of the Sun in the east and
the west, respectively
 Point where the Sun rises and sets in the horizon
varies in a year

On any given day, we can think of the Sun as

being located at some position on the
hypothetical celestial sphere. When the Sun
rises—that is, when the rotation of Earth carries
the Sun above the horizon—sunlight is scattered
by the molecules of our atmosphere, filling our
sky with light and hiding the stars above the
horizon.
Phases of the
Moon
New Moon 16

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 appears only when the moon is on
the side of the earth most directly in
line with the sun.
 There is no illumination on the
earth’s side, so it is also sometimes
called the dark moon.
First Quarter 17

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 Half the side of the moon facing the earth
appears illuminated.
 It rises about noon, reaches its high point for
the day at sundown, and sets near midnight.
Full Moon 18

 The whole side of the moon is now illuminated

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to viewers from the earth.
 rises in the east as the sun sets in the west.
 It stays up all night long, reaching its highest
point about midnight.
 The full moon nearest the autumnal equinox,
which occurs about September 23 (when the
days and nights are of equal length), rises with
the least delay of all.
Third or Last Quarter 19

 it is seen illuminated on half the side facing

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the earth.
 rises about midnight, is highest at dawn and
sets about noon.
 It is known as the waning crescent moon or
the old moon as it approaches the phase of
the new moon to complete the cycle.
Sometimes within the horns of the bright 20
waxing or waning crescent the rest of the disc
can actually be seen dimly, illuminated. The

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PRESENTATION TITLE
crescent glows from direct sunshine and the
rest is made by earthshine.

Earthshine-“the old moon in the new moon’s arms.”

sunlight reflected to the moon from the
daylight region of the earth.
Gibbous Moon 21

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PRESENTATION TITLE
 Between the full and the two quarter phases,
the moon appears as a lopsided globe

Waxing Crescent
During the next seven days, progressively
more and more of the moon’s exposed view
becomes illuminated.
 Waxing Gibbous Phase 22

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PRESENTATION TITLE
 During the next week, more and more of the sunlit
part is exposed to us as the moon goes through.

Waning Gibbous Phase

 The cycle reverses during the following two
weeks as we see less and less of the sunlit side
while the moon continuously moves in its orbit
SOLAR ECLIPSE “ Eclipse of the Sun” 23

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the moon comes between
the sun and the Earth.
Then, it hides briefly from
our sight.
LUNAR ECLIPSE 24

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The lining up of the earth,
moon, and sun produces
a lunar eclipse when the
moon passes into the
shadow of the earth.
25

PRESENTATION TITLE
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GROUP ACTIVITY
Differences of Lunar and Solar Eclipses
26

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 27
Daily and Annual Motion of the Stars

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DIURNAL MOTION “Diurnal Circle” 28

daily

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revolution of the celestial sphere around the
celestial poles as a direct effect of the Earth’s rotation
on its axis.
refers to the apparent movement of stars and other
celestial bodies around Earth.
ANNUAL MOTION “Yearly Circle” 29

the

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apparent yearly movement of the stars as observed
from Earth as a direct effect of the Earth’s revolution
around the sun.
The sun revolves 360 degrees a year around a path on
the celestial sphere called the ecliptic.
Constellations of the Zodiac 30

different

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stars and constellations appear on the horizon
throughout the year.
PRECESSION OF EQUINOXES 31

motion

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of the equinoxes along the ecliptic as Earth
‘wobbles,’ and this motion happens about every 26 000
years.
As the sun revolves around the ecliptic, it intersects the
celestial equator twice during a year at two points.
The gravitational force of the sun and the moon on
Earth causes the cyclic precession or “wobbling” of the
Earth’s axis of rotation.
 32

the

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length of daytime is almost equal to the length of
nighttime.
2 points equinoxes 33

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PRESENTATION TITLE
Vernal or Spring Autumnal
happens every March 20 occurs every September 22.
 34

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PRESENTATION TITLE
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PRESENTATION TITLE 35
 36
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PRESENTATION TITLE
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Plan for product launch 37

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PRESENTATION TITLE
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Timeline 38

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PRESENTATION TITLE
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 41

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PRESENTATION TITLE
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WWW.CONTOSO.COM