Lecture 2

ET-42053
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND

ROBOTICS
Lecture-2
Prepared by : W.M.D. Kasun Chamikara Weerakoon

B.Sc.Eng.(Hons) USJP, M.Sc. In Industrial automation (Reading)
Application of PLC in the industry
Programmable logic controllers (PLC)
• Programmable logic controller is a digital computer used for the automation of various
electro-mechanical processes in industries
• PLC monitors input and outputs and make logic based decision for automated processes or
machines
• PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements

Programmable Logic controllers (PLC)
Different components in the PLC
• Power supply
• Processor
• Communication
• PLC software and programming
• Input → Sensors
• Outputs → Actuators
1. Power supply
• The required power for the processor and other components can be supplied by the power
supply
• The power supplied to the PLC can be AC or DC power
1. Power supply
Power supply to the PLC can be categorized as follows
2. Sinking input
3. Sourcing input
4. Sinking Output
5. Sourcing Output
Sinking and sourcing inputs Sinking and sourcing outputs

1. Power supply
• Sinking and sourcing is defined for the digital inputs and outputs for the PLC
• Sinking and sourcing refers to the direction of the current in the PLC
• When current is flowing from a device it is a source and if the current is flowing into the
device, it is a sink
2.Processor(Central processing unit-CPU)
• CPU is the brain of the PLC
• CPU can read the status of the input and energize or de-energize the output of the PLC
• CPU perform the necessary logical and arithmetic operations to perform tasks . It interact with
the memory of the PLC where the contents of the memory is read or change
3. Communication
• PLC communication can done using twisted pair wires or radio modem
Twisted pair wires Radio modem
• Different ports including RS232, RS 422, RS 485 avalable for the communication purpose
RS232 RS232
4.PLC software and programming
• PLC can be programmed using different programming methods including ,
 Ladder Diagrams
 Structured text
 Sequential function charts
 Functional block diagrams
 Instruction list
• Under this module, we will discuss Ladder diagrams for PLC programming
Preliminaries of Ladder programming - Programmable Logic controllers (PLC)
4. Input-Input for the PLC can be provided from the sensors, switches, buttons etc.
5.Output-Output from PLC can be used for the actuation of an actuator, or any other device.
Structure of memory
• Byte consist of 8 bits

• Word consist of 2 Bytes or 16 bits
• Additionally, double word consist of 2 words or 4 bytes or 32 bits
Bit and byte addressing
Memory areas, identifiers and ranges
• Image input register : I

• Image output register : Q
• Variable memory arear :V
• Local memory area :L
• Bit memory area :M
• Special memory area :SM
• Timer memory area :T
• Counter memory area :C
Memory areas, identifiers and ranges
• Image input register : I

I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 I1.0 I1.1 …………………….. I15.5 I15.6 I15.7
• Image output register : Q

Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7 Q1.0 Q1.1 …………….. Q15.5 Q15.6
Q15.7
Bit logic operators in PLC ladder programming
Normally open (N/O) contact Input can be considered as a push button,

switch, sensor etc.
Normally closed (N/C) contact
N/O immediate contact**
N/C immediate contact** Inputs

Not instruction
Positive transition contract
Negative transition contact

Normally open (N/O) contact
• Normally open (N/O) contact behaves as a open circuit.

• No power is transmitted in the normal state
• When an input is given to the contact, the contact becomes closed.(Becomes a closed
circuit)
Normally closed (N/C) contact
• Normally closed (N/C) contact behaves as a closed circuit.

• Power is transmitted in the normal state
• When an input is given to the contact, the contact becomes open.(Becomes a open circuit)
Not instruction
• Not instruction behaves as a NOT gate

Positive transition contact
• Positive transition contact detect the rising

edge of the input
Negative transition contact
• Negative transition contact detect the falling edge of

the input
Output coil Output can be considered as a lamp,

motor, actuator etc.
Immediate output
Set output coil

Outputs
Set immediate output
Reset output coil
Reset immediate output

Introduction to PLC software- Programmable Logic controllers (PLC)
SIEMENS – SIMATIC S7-200 PLC MicroWin-Step7 Software

Instead of the PLC physical hardware, a simulator can be used to demonstrate the
process of the PLC
S7-200 PLC simulator

Download links for software
MicroWin Step7 software and S7-200 Simulator :

https://plc4me.com/download-step-7_v4-s7-200-siemens-plc-software-real-100/
MicroWin Step7 software :
https://getintopc.com/softwares/development/siemens-step-7-microwin-free-download/
Simple ladder networks- Programmable Logic controllers (PLC)
Example 1 : Make the ladder program for simple light circuit
simple light circuit
simple light circuit-Ladder program

Example 1 : Make the ladder program for simple light circuit
Simple light circuit-Ladder

program-Simulation
Example 2 : Make the ladder program for AND gate circuit
AND gate circuit AND gate logic

AND gate circuit-Ladder diagram

AND gate circuit-Simulation

Example 3 : Make the ladder program for OR gate circuit
OR gate circuit OR gate logic

OR gate circuit-Ladder program

OR gate circuit-Ladder program-simulation

Example 4 : Make the ladder program for NOT gate circuit
NOT gate circuit

Example 4 : Make the ladder program for NOT gate circuit
NOT gate circuit-Ladder NOT gate circuit-Simulation

Lecture 2

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ET-42053

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND

Prepared by : W.M.D. Kasun Chamikara Weerakoon

• PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements

Different components in the PLC

Power supply to the PLC can be categorized as follows

Sinking and sourcing inputs Sinking and sourcing outputs

• CPU is the brain of the PLC

Twisted pair wires Radio modem

• PLC can be programmed using different programming methods including ,

• Byte consist of 8 bits

• Image input register : I

• Image input register : I

• Image output register : Q

Normally open (N/O) contact Input can be considered as a push button,

N/O immediate contact**

N/C immediate contact** Inputs

Positive transition contract

Negative transition contact

Normally open (N/O) contact

• Normally open (N/O) contact behaves as a open circuit.

Normally closed (N/C) contact

• Normally closed (N/C) contact behaves as a closed circuit.

• Not instruction behaves as a NOT gate

Positive transition contact

• Positive transition contact detect the rising

Negative transition contact

• Negative transition contact detect the falling edge of

Output coil Output can be considered as a lamp,

Set output coil

Reset output coil

Reset immediate output

SIEMENS – SIMATIC S7-200 PLC MicroWin-Step7 Software

S7-200 PLC simulator

Download links for software

MicroWin Step7 software and S7-200 Simulator :

MicroWin Step7 software :

Example 1 : Make the ladder program for simple light circuit

simple light circuit

simple light circuit-Ladder program

Example 1 : Make the ladder program for simple light circuit

Simple light circuit-Ladder

Example 2 : Make the ladder program for AND gate circuit

AND gate circuit AND gate logic

Example 2 : Make the ladder program for AND gate circuit

AND gate circuit-Ladder diagram

Example 2 : Make the ladder program for AND gate circuit

AND gate circuit-Simulation

Example 3 : Make the ladder program for OR gate circuit

OR gate circuit OR gate logic

Example 3 : Make the ladder program for OR gate circuit

OR gate circuit-Ladder program

Example 3 : Make the ladder program for OR gate circuit

OR gate circuit-Ladder program-simulation

Example 4 : Make the ladder program for NOT gate circuit

NOT gate circuit

Example 4 : Make the ladder program for NOT gate circuit

NOT gate circuit-Ladder NOT gate circuit-Simulation

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