B I O G R A P H Y A N D N AT I O N A L

—— HISTORY
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 VOCABULARY WORDS

• Biography – the story of one’s life written

by someone else.
• National history – the study of a nation’s
past events.
• Social context – physical and social
setting in which people live.
 BIOGRAPHY IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

• The first biographies in the Philippines focused

on the life of the missionaries who worked in the
evangelization of the natives.
• Filipino biographies can only be found in the
accounts of the Spanish priests who reported on
how they defended the Spain and catholic faith
against the Filipino “enemies”
• In post-war Philippines, the study on biographies
broadened.
• E. Arsenio Manuel (1955) – a four- volume
compilation entitled Dictionary of Philippine
Biography
• D.H. Soriano and Isidro L. Retizos – The
Philippines Who’s Who (a book about 400
Filipinos and their achievements)
• Following these publications is the National
Historical Institute’s first book in its five-volume
project entitled Filipinos in History in 1965.
• Gregorio Zaide also published Great Filipino
since 1970. He and his daughter revised the book
in 1988 with the title Rizal and other Great
Filipinos featuring 40 Filipinos. The purpose is to
“inspire the younger generations of Filipinos to
love and serve their country.
• Among the most known biographies of Rizal
include the books of Austin Craig (1913), Carlos
Quirino (1940), Rafael Palma (1949), Leon Ma.
Guerrero (1963), Gregoria Zaide (1981) and
Austin Coates (1992).
 BIOGRAPHY AND NATIONAL
HISTORY
• In history, it is always important to connect the
individual’s life story with the historical situation
he/she was in. the goal of studying a biography is
to “read a society through an individual’s story.”
• In the case of Rizal, the study of his life proved
that by reading his narratives, some of the
nationals experiences can be reflected and
identified.
• Understanding Rizal means comprehending the
context of his time. Rizal’s life covered the period
from 1861-1896; therefore, it is inevitable to look into
the events in the Philippines during the 19thcentury.
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