Recognize that all waves transfer energy.

Relate freq
uency & wa Explain the
the energy velength to h e n o m en a of
of different p t i o n ,
types of , r e f ra c
electromag
netic waves reflection
mechanical & n t erf ere n c e,&
waves. i
diffraction.

Relate the speed of sound to different mediums.

D o p p l e r Compar
p l a i n t h e e and co
Ex rm s o f characte ntrast th
t e
Effect in a ct i o n s . electrom
ristics o
f
e
y d a y i n t er agnetic a
ever mechan n
ical (sou d
waves. nd)
 Waves
Waves are disturbances
that carry energy
through matter or space.

 Waves can be visible or invisible

evidence of energy transfer.
The material does not actually
travel with the wave….. only the
energy is carried.
Types of Waves
Two types of waves:
• Mechanical
• Non-Mechanical
Mechanical waves need a medium
in order to travel.
Examples: Sound, water
Non-mechanical waves do not
need a medium to travel.
Examples: light, gamma waves, microwaves,
x-rays
 Mechanical Waves
Waves that require a medium to travel.

 Medium: is the material a wave

travels through
Sound and water.
Light waves are
NOT Mechanical
Waves.
 Ways that waves travel

• Transverse waves
–Water, light
• Compressional waves
–sound
 Transverse Waves
Transverse waves are UP & DOWN
movements.
 The displacement of individual
particles is perpendicular (at right
angles) to the direction of the wave.
EX: water waves,
radio waves (all
EM waves)
Describing a Transverse Wave
Crest

Trough
191
Movement of a Transverse Wave

CLIP
 Amplitude in a Transverse Wave

• The amplitude of a wave is related to

the amount of energy it transports.
• The higher the wave, the more energy
the wave is carrying
Compressional/Longitudinal Waves
Compressional waves are a series
of PUSHES & PULLS
 the motion of the medium is
parallel (in the same direction as)
to the energy of the wave

Ex. Sound Waves (slinky)

 Parts of a Compressional wave

Rarefaction is the place where the

atmospheric pressure is lowest.

Compression is the place where the

pressure is the highest.
 Amplitude in Transverse Waves vs Compressional
Waves

The amplitude of a compressional wave is

determined by how tight and compact the
compressions are
14
Compressional/Longitudianl Wave
10
Frequency & Wavelength
Wavelength
λ
•Distance between to identical Frequency
points on adjacent waves. •Number of waves
• Measured in meters per second
•As the wavelength decreases •Hertz
the frequency increases
Frequency and the EM spectrum
 Example - Water

Remember: Energy is transferred

----NOT THE MATTER!--
 Wave Speed Formula

V= λƒ
• ν is the velocity (m/s)
• f is the frequency (hertz/or Hz)
• λ is the wavelength (m)
The speed of a wave changes as it
moves through different media
1. A sound wave with a frequency of 260 Hz
has a wavelength of 1.30 m. What is the
speed of the wave?
2. A wave with a wavelength of 15 m
travels at a velocity of 330 m/s. Calculate
its frequency.
3. What is the wavelength of a sound wave
that has a frequency of 120 Hz and a
speed of 78 m/s?
4. Calculate the frequency of a water wave
that has a wavelength of 0.5m and a
speed of 4.0 m/s.
5. A wave with a frequency of 60.0 Hz
travels through rubber with a wavelength
of 0.90 m. What is the speed of the wave?
 Wave
Interactions
with Matter
 Wave interactions with matter
Reflection occurs
when a wave hits
another wave or
object that it
cannot pass
through and
bounces back.
Law of Reflection:
Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection

Surface
Refraction occurs when a wave
bends as it passes from one
medium to another because of a
change in speed.
Refraction
Diffraction occurs when a wave passes
through an opening and spreads out or
bends around an obstacle or barrier.
•When a wave
encounters an
obstacle.
•Apparent bending of
waves around small
obstacles and the
spreading out of
waves past small
openings.
 Diffraction vs Refraction
• Both cause the wave to bend
• Diffraction occurs when a
wave bends around an object
• Refraction is when a wave bends
by passing through different media
 Interference
• When two or more
waves that exist in the
same place at the
same time
2 Types of Interference:
Constructive Interference occurs when two or more
waves hit the same point and combine to produce a
larger single wave.

Destructive Interference occurs when two or more

waves hit the same point and combine to produce a
smaller single wave.
Constructive Interference
Clip
Constructive Interference

Destructive Interference
Recognize that all waves transfer energy.
Relate freq
uency & wa Explain the
the energy velength to h e n o m e n a of
of different p t i o n ,
types of , r e f ra c
electromag reflecti. on
mechanical
netic waves
&
T E Df er e n c e,&
I i n t e r
waves.
VI S f f ra c t i o n .
E d i
S R
Relate the speed ofA L
G O sound to different mediums.
D o p p l e r Compar
p l a i n t h e e and co
Ex rm s o f characte ntrast th
t e
Effect in a ct i o n s . electrom
ristics o
f
e
y d a y i n t er agnetic a
ever mechan n
ical (sou d
waves. nd)
2