Related Rates

Problems
1
 Related Rates of change
When something changes with time,
it will have Rates of Changes

The quantities that relates with an equations

and change with time

Solving related rates problems means we need to find the

rate of something at a certain moment.

This moment could be time or location

Objectives
Identify the quantities that change per unit of time.

Identify the given rate, and the rate that we are trying to find
Identify the relation between two variables that change per unit of time,

How to use derivatives to find the relation between the rates of two or
more quantities in related rates problems.
When a balloon is being filled by air, what
things will be changed?

Radius

S Surface Area
Volume

Usually, the values of the We need to find the rate of

rates of these quantities at change of a quantity that is
some instant are given not given
When a cone is being filled by water, what
things will change over time?
Radius of the surface of the water
Height or the depth of the water

The volume of the water

What about the volume of the cone and the height

of the cone and radius of the cone?

The values of the rates of

change of these quantities at
some instant are given

We need to find the rate of

change of a quantity that is not
given
 https://www.geogebra.org/m/Yfudjzga
ladder is leaning against the wall. The base of a ladder is pulled away from the
wall.
Typically, the values of the rates of these quantities at some instant are given
We need to find the rate of change of a quantity that is not given
https://webspace.ship.edu/msrenault/geogebracalculus/
derivative_app_rr_streetlamp.html
https://webspace.ship.edu/msrenault/
geogebracalculus/
derivative_app_rr_rocket.html

Typically, the values of the rates of these quantities at some instant are given
We need to find the rate of change of a quantity that is not given
How to represent Rates of changes mathematically?
Rate of change in radius dr
dt
dV
Rate of change in volume of a solid dt

dx
Rate of change in length labeled “x” dt

dA
Rate of change in area dt

d
Rate of change in angle, dt
The equation(s) that relate the
quantities
 Warming up on how to start solving
related rates problems.
Example: For the following situations, identify which quantities change with time
and write the equation(s) that relate these quantities.

Suppose that the radius of a sphere is changing at an instantaneous rate of 0.1 cm/sec.
At what rate is the sphere growing when r = 10 cm?
The quantities that The given and the required information in The equation(s) that relate
are changing over terms of derivatives. the quantities
time. It is given that the radius of the sphere
is increasing at rate of 0.1 The Equation is the
Quantity 1:
The radius (r) That means formula of the volume
of a sphere
We need to know At what rate is the
Quantity 2: sphere growing.
The volume (V) At what rate the volume is increasing

That means ?
 Strategy for Solving Related Rates Problems
Read the problem carefully.
It helps to draw a diagram.
Identify all the quantities that change with time.

Write an equation(s) that relate the the quantities .

Differentiate Implicitly with respect to time (t).

Substitute the known Rate then solve for the unknown rate.
 Suppose that the radius of a sphere is changing at an instantaneous rate of 0.1 cm/sec.
At what rate is the sphere growing when r = 10 cm?
The quantities that are changing The given and the required information in terms of
over time. derivatives.

Quantity 1: 𝐝𝐫
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 , = 𝟎 .𝟏
The radius (r) of the sphere 𝐝𝐭
Quantity 2: ? When r=10
The volume (V) of the sphere

The equation(s) that relate the quantities

The Equation is the formula of the volume of a sphere

Differentiate Implicitly with respect to time (t)

𝑑𝑉 4 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑉 2 𝑑𝑟
= 𝜋 (3𝑟 2) =4 𝜋 𝑟
𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Substitute the known Rate then solve for the unknown rate.
𝟑
𝑪 𝒎 /sec ⁡
A spherical balloon that is being filled with helium at a constant rate of 90 cubic inches per
second. How fast is the radius of the balloon changing when the Volume of the balloon is 246
cubic inches?

radius (inches) 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑡

volume (cubic inches)

A spherical balloon that is being filled with helium at a constant rate of 90 cubic inches per
second. How fast is the radius of the balloon changing when the Volume of the balloon is 246
cubic inches?

Compute At the moment when given

radius (inches)

𝑉 volume (cubic inches)

instantaneous rate of change of

the radius with respect to time

instantaneous rate of change of

the volume with respect to time
A spherical balloon that is being filled with helium at a constant rate of 90 cubic inches per
second. How fast is the radius of the balloon changing when the Volume of the balloon is 246
cubic inches?

Compute given
when
Nee
4 d33r❑/ d to re
3❑¿
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟𝑟❑ dt a
𝑉 nd ate
dV
l
/
33 dt
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
(𝑉 (𝑡 ) )=
𝑉 (𝑡)
𝑑 44
𝑑𝑡 33 (
𝜋𝜋( (𝑟𝑟(𝑡
(𝑡)))) )
A spherical balloon that is being filled with helium at a constant rate of 90 cubic inches per
second. How fast is the radius of the balloon changing when the Volume of the balloon is 246
cubic inches?

given Compute At the moment when

4
¿
3
𝑉
𝑉= 𝜋 𝑟
3
4
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
(𝑉 (𝑡 ) )=
𝑉 (𝑡)
44 𝑑𝑟
𝑑 4
𝑑𝑡 3 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝑟
33 𝑑𝑡 (
2 (𝑡3
( (𝑟𝑟(𝑡 ))))
33
)
𝑑𝑉 2 𝑑𝑟
=4 𝜋 𝑟 ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Compute when given

4
¿
3
𝑉
𝑉= 𝜋 𝑟
3
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
(𝑉 (𝑡 ) )=
𝑉 (𝑡)
𝑑 44
𝑑𝑡 33 (𝜋𝜋( (𝑟𝑟(𝑡
(𝑡))))
33
)
1 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑟 ❑ 2 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑟
=44 𝜋 𝜋 𝑟2 ∙
𝑟
4 𝜋 𝑟𝑑𝑡
2
𝑑𝑡❑ 𝑑𝑡𝑑𝑡
 Compute when 246 given 90

4
¿
𝑉= 𝜋 𝑟 𝑟 ≈
3
𝑉 3 3.9
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
(𝑉 (𝑡 ) )=
𝑉 (𝑡)
𝑑 44
𝑑𝑡 33(
𝜋𝜋( (𝑟𝑟(𝑡
(𝑡)))) )
33

1 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑟 Re2lat𝑑𝑟
1
4❑𝜋2
𝜋 𝑟𝑑𝑡
2 ¿
=4 𝜋 𝑟 ∙ ed Rate
𝑑𝑡 For𝑑𝑡mula
¿ 1 𝑑𝑟
0.47 ≈ ∙ 90=
sec 4 𝜋 (12) 22
𝑑𝑡
 Compute when 246 given 90

4
¿
𝑉= 𝜋 𝑟 𝑟 ≈
3
𝑉 3 3.9
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
(𝑉 (𝑡 ) )=
𝑉 (𝑡)
𝑑 44
𝑑𝑡 33 (
𝜋𝜋( (𝑟𝑟(𝑡
(𝑡)))) )
33

1 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑟 Re2lat𝑑𝑟
1
4❑ 𝜋2
𝜋 𝑟𝑑𝑡
2 ¿
=4 𝜋 𝑟 ∙ ed Rate
𝑑𝑡 For𝑑𝑡mula
¿ 1 𝑑𝑟
0.47 ≈ 2 ∙ 90=
sec 4 𝜋 (12) 2
𝑑𝑡
• A pebble is dropped into a calm pond, causing ripples in the form of
concentric circles. The radius r of the outer ripple is increasing at a
constant rate of 1 foot per second. When this radius is 4 ft., what
• rate is the total area A of the disturbed water increasing .

Givens: dr dA
1 When r  4, what ?
dt dt
Equation might be used: A  r
2

Differentiate: dA  2r dr
dt dt
dA
 2 14
dt
 8
24
Example

http://astro.temple.edu/~dhill001/relatedrates/shadowdemo.gif
A 6-foot-tall man walks away from a 20-foot-street light at
a rate of 5 ft/sec. At what rate is the length of his shadow increasing
when he is 24 feet from the light-post.

We have =?

light
𝒚 𝒙+𝒚
= 2 0 𝑦 =6 𝑥 +6 𝑦 20
𝟔 𝟐𝟎 14 6

x y
𝟑 z=x+y
𝒚= 𝒙
𝟕
𝒅𝒚 𝟑 𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑦 3 𝒅𝒚 𝟏𝟓
= . = ( 5) =
𝒅𝒕 𝟕 𝒅𝒕 𝑑𝑡 7 𝒅𝒕 𝟕
A 6-foot-tall man walks away from a 20-foot-street light at
a rate of 5 ft/sec. At what rate is the tip of his shadow moving when
he is 24 feet from the light-post.

We have =?
2 0 𝑦 =6 𝑍
𝒚 𝒁 𝒁 −𝒙 𝒁 light
= = 20
𝟔 𝟐𝟎 𝟔 𝟐𝟎
6
20(Z x y
z=x+y

=
 Example

If the ladder is falling down at a rate of 8 ft/s, how fast is the bottom
of the ladder sliding away when it is 6 feet from the wall?

http://astro.temple.edu/~dhill001/relatedrates/shadowdemo.gif
 A ladder, 10 ft tall rests against a wall. If the ladder is
sliding away from the bottom of the wall at 1 ft/sec,
how fast is the top of the ladder coming down the wall
when the bottom is 6 ft from the wall?We want dy/dt
10 dx ft when x = 6
y 1
dt sec

x x 2  y 2  100
dx dy
2x  2 y 0
dt dt The ladder is moving
down the wall at ¾
dy  x dx
  ft/sec when it is 6 ft.
from the wall.
dt y dt
At x = 6,
y = 8 by dy  6  3 ft
Pythagorea  1 
n theorem dt 8 4 sec
Figure 2.45:
Related The conical tank in Example 5.
Rates
Water runs into a conical tank at the rate of 9 ft3/min. The
tank stands point down and has a height of 10 ft and a base of
radius 5 ft. How fast is the water level rising when the water
is 6 ft. deep?

dV
Given:  9 ft 3 / min
dt
H  10 ft , R  5 ft

Find:
dy
when y  6 ft.
dt
Water
Figureruns
2.45:into a conical
The conicaltank
tankatinthe rate of 95.ft3/min. The
Example
tank stands point down and has a height of 10 ft and a base of
radius 5 ft. How fast is the water level rising when the water
is 6 ft. deep?
1 2 x 5 y  2x
V  x y 
3 y 10
1 2 Given:
V   x 2 (2 x)   x 3
3 3 dV
 9 ft 3 / min
dV dx dt
 2 x 2
dt dt H  10 ft , R  5 ft
dx
9  2 (3) 2
dt
Find:
dx 1 dy
 when y  6 ft.
dt 2 dt
dy dx 1 1 x=3
 2*  2*   .32 ft / min
dt dt 2 
 The velocity of an airplane tracked by radar
Example: An airplane is flying at an elevation of 6 miles on a flight path that will take it
directly over a radar tracking station. Let s represent the distance (in miles)between the
radar station and the plane. If s is decreasing at a rate of 400 miles per hour when s is
10 miles, what is the velocity of the plane.

ds dx
Given:  400 s  10 Required dt  ? s
dt 6
Equation: x2 + 6 2 = s 2 x
dx ds
Differentiate and Evaluate: 2x  2s
dt dt
To find , we must first find x when s = 10
x  s 2  36  100  36  8
dx dx
So, replace 28  210  400   500mph
dt dt
 Hot Air Balloon Problem
A balloon rises from a point on the ground 500ft from an
observer. If the angle of elevation is increasing at a rate of
0.14 rad/min. How fast is the balloon rising when its angle of
elevation is 45 degree ?
h  d rad
tan   Given:   0.14
500 4 dt min
d 1 dh dh
sec  2
 Find:
dt 500 dt dt
2
  1 dh
 sec   0.14  
 4 500 dt

  dh
2
2 0.14   500  h
dt

140
ft

dh 
min dt
500ft
Figure 2.44:
Related Figure for Example 4.
Rates
A police cruiser, approaching a right angled intersection from
the north is chasing a speeding car that has turned the corner
and is now moving straight east. The cruiser is moving at 60
mph and the police determine with radar that the distance
between them is increasing at 20 mph. When the cruiser is .6
mi. north of the intersection and the car is .8 mi to the east,
what is the speed of the car? ds
 20 mph
Given: dt
dy
 60mph
dt

Find:
dx
when x  .8, y  .6
dt
Figure
2 2
2.44:
2
Figure for Example 4.
s x y

ds dx dy
2s  2x  2 y
dt dt dt
dx
2(1)(20)  2(.8)  2(.6)(60)
dt

dx
 70mph
dt ds
 20 mph
Given: dt
dy
 60mph
dt

Find:
dx
when x  .8, y  .6
dt
then s = 1
Example

http://astro.temple.edu/~dhill001/relatedrates/shadowdemo.gif