COMMUNI

CATIVE
STRATEGY
Prepared by: Mr. Eley Abella
 Successful communication
requires understanding.
The use of Communicative Strategies is the hallmark of
communicative competence. Being able to use such strategies
make certain not only the achievement of the Speech Purpose
but also the enrichment of the communication experience for
both Speaker and Listener.
 Communicative Strategies are
plans/ways/means of sharing
information which are adopted to
achieve a particular social, political,
psychological, or linguistic purpose.
 There are Seven Types of
Communicative Strategies:
Nomination Topic shifting
Restriction Repair , and
Turn-taking Termination
Topic Control
1. Nomination
A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively
establish a topic. It is a strategy that can also be applied any time
during the course of an interaction as a way of continuing the
communication. When this strategy is used, the topic is introduced in
a clear and truthful manner, stating only what is relevant to keep the
interaction focused.
• Example: Have you noticed the weird weather lately? Is this
because of global warming?
• Example: I was late for class again! The MRT stopped midway.
What is wrong with the MRT?
2. Restriction
A strategy that constrains or restricts the response of the other person
involved in the communication situation. It is also refers to any
limitation you may have as a speaker. The Listener is forced to
respond only within a set of categories that is made by the Speaker.
Example: They say that the Philippine economy is getting better.
Only the stupid think that, right? (No one wants to be stupid.)
Example: That arrest move was a disaster waiting to happen. Do you
agree? (Yes/No)
3. Turn-Taking
Requires that each Speaker speaks only when it is his/her turn during an
interaction. Knowing when to talk depends on watching out for the verbal and
nonverbal cues that signal the next Speaker that the previous Speaker has
finished. At the same time, it also means that others should be given the
opportunity to take a turn.
Strategy uses either an informal approach (just jump in and start talking) or a
formal approach (permission to speak is requested).
• Example: I agree with the point just made. But may l add that OFWs would
rather be home and work here so they could be with their families.
• Example: May I have the floor, sir? The topic under discussion is the state of
the Philippine economy today. We want better lives for all Filipinos, whether
they are working here or abroad.
4. Topic Control
After the Nomination Strategy, the interaction is kept going by using
the Topic-Control Strategy. This is simply a question-answer
formula that moves the discussion forward. This also allows the
Listener or the other participants to take turns, contribute ideas, and
continue the discussion.
• Example: How often do you ride the MRT, Tony? How many
times have you encountered a stoppage in service?
• Example: Your car may break down, too, Luna, right? So you have
to find another means of getting to school. We all do not want to be
late for class, yes?
5. Topic Shifting
It is the strategy that useful in introducing another topic. This Strategy
works best when there is follow-through so that a new topic continues
to be discussed. This is also used in Repair Communicative Strategy.
• Example: This is a battle with corporations that continue to pollute
the environment. But this is also a battle with man himself, who
continues to act as if there is another Earth we can move to once this
Earth dies.
• Example: If we cannot use the Earth’s resources, our economies will
die. We need to choose: the economy or the environment.
6. Repair
We have already learned that communication almost always breaks down. When
miscommunication occurs, one can apply the Repair Communicative Strategy that
includes requesting clarification. One requests clarification by asking questions or using
eyebrows, eyes, head, or shoulders to show that the message could not be understood. By
not acknowledging the new situation, the situation already in progress will continue.
Repeating is a good way of correcting oneself and gives the Speaker time to do just that.
Recasting means changing the form of a Message that could not be understood. It allows
the Speaker to say the Message in another way so that the Listener can understand what
was originally incomprehensible.
• Example: When we look at the World Wide Web, more popularly known as wwww…
excuse me, www, we find that this Information Highway or rather Superhighway is the
means toward becoming part of a globally economy, a global economy.
7. Termination
Termination Communicative Strategy ends the interaction through verbal
and nonverbal messages that both Speaker and Listener send to each other.
Sometimes the Termination is quick and short. Sometimes it is prolonged by
clarifications, further questions, or the continuation of the topic already
discussed, but the point of the language and body movement is to end the
communication.
• Example:
• P1:So that’s it for our plans in the upcoming Student Council elections.
P2: Yes.
P3: Okay, all done.
P4: Finished.
P1: See you in class.
P2, P3, P4: See you later.
Question?
 Seven Types of Communicative Strategies:
• Nomination – presenting a particular topic clearly, truthfully, and saying only
what is relevant;
• Restriction – constraining the response/reaction within a set of categories;
• Turn-taking – recognizing when and how to speak because it is one’s turn;
• Topiccontrol – keeping the interaction going by asking questions and eliciting
a response;
• Topic shifting – introducing a new topic followed by the continuation of that
topic;
• Repair
– overcoming communication breakdown to send more comprehensible
messages; and
• Termination – using verbal and nonverbal signals to end the interaction.
The End of the Lesson