Codes of principles and values that govern decisions and actions within a company.

In the business world, the organizations culture sets standards for determining the difference between good and bad decision making and behavior.
In the most basic terms, a definition for business ethics boils down to knowing the difference between right and wrong and choosing to do what is right. The phrase 'business ethics' can be used to describe the actions of individuals within an organization, as well as the organization as a whole.

Schools known for ethical standards usually have an ethical code stating that they treat everyone with dignity, dont present misleading information, and scrupulously follow rules and regulations. Schools that follow certain moral codes attract better people often are willing to work harder. It goes without saying that ethical companies are less likely to undergo the costly scrutiny of courts and regulators.

Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism offers us a powerful

vision of the moral life, one that promises to reduce or eliminate moral disagreement. If we can agree that the purpose of morality is to make the world a better place; and If we can scientifically assess various possible courses of action to determine which will have the greatest positive effect on the world; then We can provide a scientific answer to the question of what we ought to do.

DEONTOLOGICAL
The second major school of thought is deontological. Deontological ethics or deontology is an approach to ethics that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules. Deontologists look at rules and duties. Deontological ethics is commonly contrasted with consequentialist or teleological ethical theories, according to which the rightness of an action is determined by its consequences. Although not all Deontologists are religious, many believe in The 'Divine Command Theory'. 'The Divine Command Theory' is a cluster of related theories that state that an action is right if God has decreed that it is right.

DISTINCTION (DEONTOLOGY- UTILITARIANISM)

DEONTOLOGY

UTILITARIANISM

1> Principle inherent in the action 1> Outside the action 2> Individuals are valuable in 2>Criticized because it appears to themselves (not because of their tolerate sacrificing some people sake of others 3> Theory asserts that there are some 3> Right or wrong are dependent on actions that are always worng,no the consequences vary with the matter what the consequences . Circumstances. 4> Often recognize self- defense and 4> Every person is counted equally. other special circumstances as No one persons unhappiness/ as excusing killing, but these are happiness is more important than cases when it is argued, the killing another is not exactly intentional.

NATURE LAW THEORY

The term nature law is

ambiguous. It refers to a type of moral theory, as well as to a type of legal theory, but the core claims of the two kinds of theory are logically independent. It does not refer to the laws of nature, the laws that science aims to describe.
the moral standards that govern human behavior are, in some sense, objectively derived from the nature of human beings and the nature of the world. While being logically independent of nature law legal theory, the two theories intersect.

According to nature law theory,

MACHIAVELLI SCHOOL
Machiavelli lived from 1469-1527 and was born in

Florence, Italy. As well as an Italian statesman, and a Florentine patriot, he was the head of the Second Chancery at the age of twenty-nine. Nicolo was a senior civil servant. Machiavelli carried out diplomatic missions in France, Germany, and Italy. He was a political philospher. Nicolo Machiavelli is known as the father of modern political science and ranks as one of the most important political figures in the Renaissance. His books influenced the behavior of many people.

HEDONISTIC SCHOOL OF ETHICS

Hedonism is derived from the Greek hedone, meaning sweetness,
joy, or delight, and refers to theories about the nature and function of pleasure. Originally, hedone was the sort of sweetness that could be appreciated by taste or smell; then hearing was involved; finally, it was applied metaphorically to any pleasant sensation or emotion.
Hedonism is a school which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic

good.[1] This is often used as a justification for evaluating actions in terms of how much pleasure and how little pain (i.e. suffering) they produce. In very simple terms, a hedonist strives to maximize this net pleasure (pleasure minus pain).

PRAXIS SCHOOL
The Praxis school was a Marxist humanist philosophical movement. It

originated in Zagreb and Belgrade in the SFR Yugoslavia, during the 1960s.
Prominent figures among the school's founders include Gajo Petrovic

and Milan Kangrga of Zagreb and Mihailo Markovic of Belgrade. From 1964 to 1974 they published the Marxist journal Praxis, which was renowned as one of the leading international journals in Marxist theory.
The defining features of the school were: 1) emphasis on the writings

of the young Marx; and 2) call for freedom of speech in both East and West based upon Marx's insistence on ruthless social critique.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OECD
groups 30 member countries committed to democracy and the market economy

provides statistics and economic and social data

analyses and forecasts economic developments researches social changes and evolving patterns in trade, environment, agriculture, technology, fiscal policy and more

Helping governments to

compare policy experiences seek answers to common problems identify good practice

co-ordinate domestic and international policies

OECDs mission
Article 1 of the OECD Convention defines the Organisations mission as being to:

support economic growth boost employment raise living standards maintain financial stability assist other countries economic development contribute to growth in world trade

Global partners
30 member countries
AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BELGIUM CANADA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HUNGARY ICELAND IRELAND ITALY JAPAN KOREA LUXEMBOURG MEXICO NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND NORWAY POLAND PORTUGAL SLOVAK REPUBLIC SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND TURKEY UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES

Countries invited to membership talks CHILE ESTONIA ISRAEL RUSSIA SLOVENIA Enhanced engagement BRAZIL CHINA INDIA INDONESIA SOUTH AFRICA

OECD achievements
some examples
Improving transparency and ethics in international business Principles of Corporate Governance Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises Anti-Bribery Convention Polluter-Pays Principle (PPP)
Global partners

Simplifying tax issues in international transactions Model Tax Convention

Helping emerging and transition economies Co-operation programmes with emerging market economies including China, India and Brazil

OECD in action
1. Data collection 2. Data analysis

3. Collective policy discussion

4. Decision-making

5. Implementation

Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)

 CII was established in 1895. The initial partners were five

engineering firms, all members of the Bengal Chamber of Commerce and Industry. In the beginning, the name of the organisation was Engineering and Iron Trades Association (EITA). EITA was set up with a goal to pressurize the British government to place government orders for iron and steel and engineering goods with companies based in India (the practice then was to place government orders with firms based in UK). The name was subsequently changed to Indian Engineering Association (IEA), Engineering Association of India (EAI), Association of Indian Engineering Industry (AIEI), Confederation of Engineering Industry (CEI) and finally to Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in 1992.

Publication
CII Publication Division headquartered at Gurgaon (India) is the

central point of contact for all CII Publications. It is a repository of all types of CII publications on subjects ranging from core business sectors, to services industry, defence, technology & IPR, agriculture & food processing, Corporate Social Responsibility, healthcare, social development and many more other sectors.
The CII Publications include: Research Reports, Sector Reports, Journals,

Conference Proceedings, Exhibitor Catalogues, Membership Directory, and Policy Documents. CII Reports have established as one of the best and authentic source of information among business community, diplomats, international agencies, ministers, government officials, and society at large both in India and abroad. For more infomration, please visit www.cii.in

CII-Yi
Young Indians (Yi) is an integral part of the Confederation of Indian

Industry (CII), Indias premier business association, formed in the year 2002, with an objective of creating a platform for young Indians to realize the dream of a developed nation. Yi has over 1200 direct members in 25 city chapters. Yi engages another 12,000 members through its Farmer Nets, Student Nets and Corporate chapters. The Yi membership includes young progressive Indians between the age group of 25 & 40 years. The members include entrepreneurs, professionals and progressive achievers from different walks of life. To become the voice of young Indians globally being the vision of Yi, it provides a platform for young Indians to participate in and contribute by becoming an integral part of the Indian growth story.

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