Unit 5

Unit 5
Customs
NEW HORIZON ENGLISH COURSES Book Three

Around the Topic Section A Section B Section C
Section A
Naming Customs
Naming Customs
Warming- Para 1
up
• Cultures and families have different naming customs.

People believe a suitable name can serve as an outline for a
child’s future, helping to determine if the child will be a
famous painter or a piano player, a lawyer or a landlord.
Chinese
不同的文化和家庭有不同的命名习俗。人们相信一个好名字能
够大致勾勒出一个孩子的前程，有助于影响这个孩子将来是做一
个有名的画家还是出色的钢琴演奏家，是做律师还是做旅馆老板。
Exercises
Naming Customs
Warming- Para 1
up
•People believe a suitable name can serve as an outline for

a child’s future, helping to determine if the child will be a
famous painter or a piano player, a lawyer or a landlord.
People believe something.
a suitable name can serve as an outline for a child’s future
a suitable name can help to determine something.
Exercises if the child will be a famous painter or a piano player, a

lawyer or a landlord.
Naming Customs
Warming- Para 2
up
In some Asian countries, parents go to a name fortune-
teller to get a name that will bring good luck to a child. For
example, it is often considered bad luck to give a girl a very
strong name. People think this will bring her unhappiness in
life and girls should have names that are soft, attractive,
Chinese
and beautiful.
在一些亚洲国家，父母们经常到给人取名字的算命先生那里去求
一个能够给孩子带来好运的名字。比如，人们通常认为给女孩取
一个强硬的名字会带来坏运，给她的生活带来不幸，因此，女孩
应该取柔和、甜美、吸引人的名字。
Exercises
Naming Customs
Warming- Para 2
up
This is why, in Japan, girls' names often end in -ko (Akiko,
Hiroko), which means "child". Chinese girls are often given
names that mean "jade", "snow", or "flower". In the same
way, boys often have names that are strong or coarse,
suggesting success and wealth. In China, boys are given
names like "brilliant" or "upright", in the hope that they will
become the cream of the crop when they grow up.
Chinese
这就是为什么在日本女孩子的名字通常以意为“孩子”的 ko 结尾
（如 Akiko ， Hiroko ）。在中国，通常给女孩取的名字带有
Exercises “玉”、“雪”或“花”。同样，通常给男孩取的名字蕴含“强
壮”或“粗犷” 之意，暗示成功和财富。在汉语里，男孩常取
“亮”或“正”之类的名字，旨在希望孩子长大后能够成为同龄
人中的佼佼者。
Naming Customs
Warming-
up Para 3
Names can also be a sign of family heritage. For example,
in Africa, first names have two parts. The first part of a
boy’s first name usually follows a strict genealogy used for
many generations. All the boys in one generation of a
family, the brothers and male cousins, will have the same
first part to their name. In fact, there are some African
camps where almost all of the males share the same first
name. Chinese
名字也可能是家族传统的一个标志。比如，在非洲，名字由两部
分组成。男孩子名字的第一部分通常遵循祖祖辈辈一直使用的家
谱。同一个家族的同一代人中的所有男孩，无论是亲兄弟还是堂
Exercises 兄弟，他们的名字的第一部分将是相同的。实际上，在非洲的一
些部落，几乎所有男性的名字的第一部分都相同。
Naming Customs
Warming-
up Para 3
Similarly, in some Arabic-speaking countries, boys are given
the first name of their paternal grandfather. In European
countries, families may repeat the same names for several
generations. In Iceland, a girl’s last name translates as
“daughter of...” and a boy’s translates as “son of...”.
Chinese
与此类似的情况是，在一些说阿拉伯语的国家，男孩子经常以他们
的爷爷的名字来命名。在欧洲国家，家族可以连续几代使用相同的
名字。在冰岛，女孩子的名字的最后一部分翻译出来的意思是“…
Exercises …的女儿”，男孩子的名字则是 “……的儿子”。
Warming- Naming Customs

up
Para 4
Finally, some people name their children after famous
rulers or public figures, like George Washington Carver,
or even after their favorite soap opera actors on
television. Others choose names based on figures from
the Bible, such as Joseph, Matthew, David, Ruth, Mary,
and Sarah. In this way, names may point to the values of
the family. Chinese
最后，一些人以有名的统治者或公众人物的名字来给孩子取名，比
如乔治 · 华盛顿 · 卡弗这样的名字，还有人以他们最喜爱的电视
肥皂剧的演员的名字来给孩子取名。有一些人选名字是依据《圣
Exercises 经》中的一些人物，取诸如约瑟夫、马修、戴维、露思、玛丽和萨
拉这样的名字。这些命名方式显示了一个家族的价值观。
Warming- Para 5
Naming Customs
up
Customs are not the only things that restrict the

naming of children, however. Some governments
employ specific personnel to omit names that may
harm children from regular usage.
Chinese
然而，习俗并不是限制孩子命名的惟一因素。一些政府雇用专人取
消一些有可能伤害儿童的名字。
Exercises
Naming Customs
Warming-
up
Para 6
In Argentina, for example, the government
must approve of all names. Parents cannot give
their children strange or ridiculous names, and
any foreign names must be Hispanicized. One
couple wanted to call their child Kennedy, for
example, but lost their case in court. Chinese
例如，在阿根廷，政府必须审批所有的人名。父母不能够给他们
的孩子取稀奇古怪或莫名其妙的名字，任何模仿外国人的名字的
命名都必须西班牙化。例如，一对夫妻想把他们的孩子叫做肯尼
Exercises
迪，结果他们在法庭上败诉了。
Para Naming
7 Customs
Warming-
up
In Germany, too, the government has the

power to stop parents from giving their children
strange names. Recent attempts to call a child
Bierstuebl (“Little Beer Hall” have not been
accepted.
Chinese
在德国，政府也有权禁止父母给他们的孩子取稀奇古怪的名字。
最近有人打算把他们的孩子取名为“小啤酒大
厅”（ Bierstuebl ），但没有被政府接受。
Exercises
Naming Customs
Warming-
up Para 7
One family found itself in a jam when they fought to
call their son Sascha. The government insisted he have
a middle name that showed he was a boy. This is
also an issue in Japan, where the government feels
children should not be given names that other
children will make fun of. Chinese
有个家庭千方百计想给自己的儿子取名为 Sascha ，却发现困
难重重。政府坚持要求给这个小孩取一个中间名，以表明他是
个男孩。在日本，情况也如此，日本政府认为人们应该避免给
孩子们取一些会被其他孩子取笑的名字。
Exercises
Para 8
Naming Customs
Warming-
up
• Is naming something that should be left up to the
parents? Does the government have the right to
step in to protect the child? Ironing out the
details of who should do what is not easy. Whatever
the government and parents decide, though, it is
really the children who have to live with their
decisions! Maybe we should ask them.
命名是应该只由父母来决定的事情吗？为保护孩子，政府有权利
插手他们的命名问题吗？解决由谁来取什么名字的细节问题并不
是一件容易的事。然而，无论政府和父母做出何种决定，真正要
承受他们的决定的是孩子！也许我们应该问问孩子们的意见。
Exercises
Chinese
Warming- Words & Expressions

up
New
outline
painter
Words
landlord
cousin government
camp personnel
ruler omit
harm
Exercises usage
ridiculous
Warming-
up
Phrases and
Expressions
serve as
in the hope(s) that
name after
approve of
make fun of
leave (up) to
step in
Exercises
live with
Warming-
up
outline
n. 【 1 】 [C] the main ideas or facts of something,
without details 纲要；概要
e.g. an outline of American literature
美国文学概要
【 2 】 [C] line(s) showing the boundary or
shape of something 外形；轮廓
e.g. the outline of the mountains against the
sunset
Exercises 山脉映衬着日落的轮廓
Exercises
Warming-
up outline
Exercises
1. 今天我想给你介绍一下美国南北战争的概要。
Today, I’d like to give you an outline of the
American Civil War.
2. 他不到 10 分钟就把房子的轮廓画在纸上。
He drew the outline of the house on the paper in
Exercises less than 10 minutes.

Warming-
up
painter n.
【 1 】画家
e.g. She is one of the few famous female painters of
her time.
她是她那个时代为数不多的著名女画家之一。
【 2 】油漆工
e.g. I need a professional painter to do the job, not
a layman.
我想找一个专业油漆工做这工作，而不是找个
Exercises 门外汉。
Warming-
up landlord n. 房东；地主
e.g. The landlord kept raising the rent, so I had

to move out.
房东不停地加租，所以我不得不搬出去。
Exercises
Warming-
up
cousin n.
堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹
e.g. Remember that cousin of yours in Paris?

She will come to China this summer.
还记得巴黎的那个表姐吗？她夏天要来中国。
Exercises
Warming-
up
camp Exercises
n. [C; U] a place where people live in tents or huts,

usually for a short time 营地
e.g. We pitched our camp near the mountaintop.
我们在靠近山顶处扎了营。
v. set up a camp or live in a camp 扎营；宿营
e.g. a shop that sells camping equipment
一家出售露营设备的商店
Exercises
Warming-
camp
up
Exercises
1. 我们在靠近山顶处扎了营。
We pitched our camp near the mountaintop.
2. 猎人在河流附近扎营，因为这里有充足洁净的饮用水。
The hunters camped near the river where

Exercises there was enough clean water for drinking.
Warming- ruler
up
n. 【 1 】 a person who rules 统治者
e.g. There are periods in our history when the ruler
was a child.
在中国历史上，有些朝代的统治者还是孩子。
【 2 】 a long narrow flat piece of wood, plastic,

or metal with straight edges, which is marked with
inches or centimeters and used for measuring things or
for drawing straight lines 尺子；直尺
e.g. a 12-inch ruler 12 英尺长的尺子
Exercises
Exercises
Warming-
up
ruler
Exercises
1. 他代表统治者行事，而当时的统治者已经病得很重了。
He acted on behalf of the ruler who was very ill at

that time.
2. 拿把尺子去量要裁剪的布管用。
It is useful to lay a ruler alongside the cloth being

cut.
Exercises
Warming-
up
government n. 政府
e.g. The government is determined to follow

this course.
政府决定不改变政策。
Exercises
Warming-
up
personnel
n. (plural) all the people employed by a company, in the armed
forces, or working in any organization （公司、机构或军队的）全
体人员；全体职员
e.g. army personnel 军队人员
The company’s main problem is the shortage of

skilled personnel.
这家公司的主要问题是缺少熟练人员。
Exercises
Warming-
up
omit
vt. 【 1 】 not include by mistake or on purpose; leave ou
省去；略去
e.g. omit an item from a list
从目录中略去一项
【 2 】 fail to do something by mistake or on purpo

疏忽；忽略
e.g. Don’t omit locking the door when you leave.
走时别忘了锁门。
Exercises
Exercises
Warming-
up omit
Exercises
1. 在写这份报告时，我把一切不必要的细节都删除了。
In writing this report I have omitted all unnecessary

details.
2. 他忘了告诉我他还在，所以我把他反锁在里面了。
He omitted to tell me that he hadn’t left, so I locked

him in.
Exercises
Warming-
up harm
v. cause harm to; hurt (especially a person) 使受
损害；伤害（人）
e.g. Getting up early won’t harm you!
早起对你没有害处！
n. 【 U 】 damage or wrong 损害；危害

e.g. do harm to somebody
伤害某人
Exercises
Exercises
Warming-
up
harm
Exercises
1. 我们这条街发生了火灾，但没有人受伤。
There was a fire in our street, but no one was

harmed.
2. 他这部电影彻底失败了，这使他的声誉受到很大的损害。
His film was a complete failure, and this did his

reputation a lot of harm.
Exercises
Warming-
up
usage n.
[U] the act, manner, or amount of using; use 使用；用法
e.g. the usage of a technical term
技术术语的使用
Exercises
他指出这种用法在政治领域有很长的历史。
He pointed out that such usage had a long

Exercises
history in the political field.
Warming-
up
ridiculous adj.
deserving ridicule; silly or unreasonable （贬）荒唐
的；可笑的
e.g. What a ridiculous suggestion!

多么荒唐的建议！
The fat old man looked ridiculous in his tight pink

trousers. 那个穿着条粉红色紧身裤的胖老头儿显得滑稽可笑。
Exercises
Warming- serve as 当作；作为

up
e.g. He served as a waiter in that restaurant for quite a
number of years.
他在那家饭店当服务员已有多年。
Exercises
1. 鸽子可以充当一种通信手段。
Pigeons can serve as a means of communication.

2. 让这件事成为后来人的警示。
Exercises Let this incident serve as a reminder to future
generations.
Warming-
up in the hope(s) that 希望 ······
e.g. His parents sent him to college in the hopes that
he could live a better life in the future.
他的父母送他上大学，希望他将来能过上更好的生活。
Exercises
1. 他努力学习英语，希望有朝一日能够到国外去深造。
He works hard at learning English in the hope that
he can one day go abroad to further his studies.
2. 他非常努力地赚钱，以便早日还清债款。
Exercises
He works very hard to earn money in the hope that
he can pay off all the debts as early as possible.
Warming-
name… after 以……命名
up
e.g. She was named after a great singer.
她是以一位伟大歌唱家的名字命名的。
Exercises
1. 该化学元素以它的发现者的名字命名。
This chemical element is named after its inventor.
2. 2001 年，英国有 100 多个男婴和女婴以布鲁克林（大卫和

维多利亚 · 贝克汉姆的儿子）这个名字命名。
Exercises
In 2001 in Britain more than 100 baby boys and baby
girls are named after Brooklyn, the son of David and
Victoria Beckham.
Warming-
up approve of 赞成，同意
e.g. My father did not approve of my marriage to Mary.

我父亲不赞成我和玛丽结婚。
Exercises
这个计划必须征得总经理批准。
The plan must be approved of by the general

manager.
Exercises
Warming-
up make fun of 取笑，玩弄
e.g. Don’t make fun of the children.
不要取笑那些孩子。
Exercises
1. 这不是一个可以用来开玩笑的问题。
This is not a topic that can be
made fun of.
2. 她不穿这衣服是因为她学校里的朋友可能
Exercises 会取笑她。
She won’t wear the clothes because her
friends at school may make fun of her.
Warming-
up
leave (up) to 把……留交；委托；交由
e.g. The prime minister left the question
up to state governments.
总理把问题交由各邦政府解决。
Exercises
这事我们只能凭运气了。
We will leave it up to chance.
Exercises
Warming-
up step in 干涉；介入
e.g. If the dispute gets any worse, the government will

have to step in.
如果争端进一步恶化，政府将不得不进行干涉。
Exercises
1. 我们进行干预以保护儿童不受伤害。
We step in and protect children
from injury.
2. 这是件家务事，你最好不要插手。
Exercises
It is a family problem, and you’d
better not step in.
Warming-
up live with 容忍，承受
e.g. You must live with the fact that you’re no longer young.
你必须承认你已不再年轻这个事实。
Exercises
我不喜欢这个国家的寒冷气候，但我已经学会
去适应它了。
I don’t like the cold weather in this country,

Exercises but I’ve learned to live with it.
Warming-
Exercises
up
Using the Right Word
Working with Expressions

Text A
Focusing on Sentence Structure
Translating
Using Topic-related Terms
Basic Writing Skills


Warming- Choose the best item to complete each of the
up following sentences.
1. Crowds __B the narrow sidewalks and overflowed

( 涌向 ) into the street.
A. took B. jammed C. ran
Text A
D. walked
D nothing in her education that
2. Her father __
might make her the most accomplished ( 有造诣
的 ) woman of her age.
A. thought B. paid C. thanked
D. omitted
B of a house against the sky.
3. He saw the __
A. outlook B. outline C. outside
D. outfit
A the plant.
4. Too much direct sunlight will __
A. harm B. hold C. help
D. heat

Warming- Choose the best item to complete each of the
up following sentences.
5. When we went to the coast we stayed in a

B
holiday __.
A. vacation B. camp
Text A C. place D. site
6. The company __ C 2000 people worldwide.
A. covers B. uses
C. employs D. owns
7. We were unable to offer this service because
we hadn’t got the B__ to cope with it.
A. office B. personnel C.
idea D. thought
8. The fat old man looked __A in his tight white
trousers.
A. ridiculous B. fine
C. well D. sorry
Warming- Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences

up with a suitable preposition or adverb.
1. Being quite well-educated and experienced, he

as an adviser in the government.
serves _____
Text A
2. Jack does things _____in the same way as his
mother does.
3. He works hard to earn more money to keep his
son at school _____
in the hope that his son can
go to college.
4. He named his new-born baby _____
after the great
scholar in ancient China.
Fill in each of the blanks in the following

Warming-
up
sentences with a suitable preposition, adverb or
conjunction.
from going on with his

5. No one can stop him ________
Text A
studies.
6. When the two men were fighting on the street, the
in
police stepped _____.
7. By adjusting the bedrooms of these two students,
out the conflicts ( 冲突 )
the counselor ironed _______
between them.
of others, so almost
8. He always makes fun _______
everyone dislikes him.

Warming-
up
A. Combine the following pairs of sentences after the model, using
“in the hope(s) that” .
Model :
Text A The announcement was broadcast again and again.
It was hoped that more people could get the
message.
Key: The announcement was broadcast again and again
in the hope(s) that more people could get the
message.
Warming-
up 1. He visited the pub again and again. He hoped that he might
meet that girl once more.
He visited the pub again and again in the hope(s) that he
might meet that girl once more.
Text A 2. She studied hard day and night. She hoped that she could pass
the exam at the end of the term.
She studied hard day and night in the hope(s) that she could
pass the exam at the end of the term.
3. I came to this class. I hoped that I could learn something

useful for my future work.
I came to this class in the hope(s) that I could learn something

useful for my future work.
Warming-
B. Combine the following pairs of sentences after the model,
up
using the -ing participle phrase “helping...”.
Model :
A suitable name can serve as an outline for a
Text A child’s future.
It will help to determine if the child will be a
famous painter or a piano player, a lawyer or a
landlord.
Key: A suitable name can serve as an outline for a
child’s future, helping to determine if the child will
be a famous painter or a piano player, a lawyer or a
landlord.
Warming-
up 1. A good dictionary can serve as your best friend and best teacher.
It will help you master the language more efficiently.
A good dictionary can serve as your best friend and best teacher,
helping you master the language more efficiently.
Text A 2. Keeping a diary is a good exercise. It helps cultivate the good
habit of recalling and thinking over what one has done during
the day.
Keeping a diary is a good exercise, helping cultivate the good habit
of recalling and thinking over what one has done during the day.
3. Listening to classical music benefits one significantly. It helps

one refine one’s taste and ennoble one’s mind.
Listening to classical music benefits one significantly, helping
one refine one’s taste and ennoble one’s mind.
Translating
Warming-
up A. Translate the following into English.
1. 生活并不总是像美丽的童话，你得承认这点。 (live with)

Life is not always like a fairy tale, and you have to live with it.
2. 他们是德国最精明能干的（ smartest ）年轻人，是他们这
Text A 一代人的精华。 (the cream of the crop)
They were the smartest young people in Germany—the cream of
the crop of their generation.
3. 这件事已经够复杂的（ complex ），你最好不要再插手了。
(step in)
The thing has already been very complex, so you had better
not step in again.
4. 多亏你的建议，没用多长时间就解决了困难。 (iron out)
Thanks to your suggestion, it didn’t take long to iron out the difficulties.
Translating
Warming- B. Translate the following into Chinese.
up
1. People believe a suitable name can serve as an outline for a
child’s future, helping to determine if the child will be a famous
painter or a piano player, a lawyer or a landlord.
Text A
人们相信一个好名字能够大致勾勒出一个孩子的前程，有助于
影响这个孩子将来是做一个有名的画家还是出色的钢琴演奏家，
是做律师还是做旅馆老板。
2. All the boys in one generation of a family, the brothers and

male cousins, will have the same first part to their name.
同一个家族的同一代人中的所有男孩，无论是亲兄弟还是堂
兄弟，他们的名字的第一部分将是相同的。
Translating
Warming-
up B. Translate the following into Chinese.
3. Finally, some people name their children after famous rulers

or public figures, like George Washington Carver, or even after
their favorite soap opera actors on television.
Text A
最后，一些人以有名的统治者或公众人物的名字来作为孩子
的名字，比如乔治 · 华盛顿 · 卡弗这样的名字，还有人以
他们最喜爱的电视肥皂剧的演员的名字来给孩子取名。
4. This is also an issue in Japan, where the government feels
children should not be given names that other children will
make fun of.
在日本，情况也如此，日本政府认为人们应该避免给孩子
们取一些会被其他孩子取笑的名字。
Using Topic-related Terms

Warming- Use the following words and expressions to complete
up the passage below. Change the form where
necessary.
culture custom fortune-teller heritage figure
regular usage approve of government leave up to
Text A cultures have different naming

Different _______
customs
_______. In some Asian countries, parents go to a
fortune-teller to get a name that will bring
name ____________
good luck to a child. Names can also be a sign of
family _________.
heritage Sometimes some people name
figures
their children after famous rulers or public _______.
Customs are not the only things that restrict the
naming of children. In some countries, the
government must ___________
____________ approve of all names.
Naming is not something that should be
left up to the parents.
__________
Warming-
up
catch up
Text A get caught up in 被陷入，卷入

catch up on （用额外的时间）补上
catch up with 追赶上某人，与某人达
到一样的水平
Section B
Getting Along in the US: Some
Customs and Culture Tips

Getting Along in the US:

a ra. 1 Some Customs and Culture Tips
P
• Because of its history, the United States has a
society with many different classes, groups, races and
lifestyles. Within each of these groups, individual
members are also quite different from one another. No
one behaves exactly like anyone else. There are,
however, several characteristics which most people
have in common. Remember, these are general
characteristics; many people you meet will not fit these
patterns.
如何在美国与人相处：有关风俗和文化方面的建议
Chinese
由于其历史原因，美国是一个拥有不同阶级、不同团体、不同种族
Exercises 和不同生活方式的社会。每一团体中的成员也不相同。没有谁行为
举止与他人完全一样。但是，大多数人还是具有一些共同特点的。
请记住，它们只是一般的特点而已，很多人是不符合这些模式
的。”
. 2&3
a
Par
• INDIVIDUALISM
• Most people in the US believe that the ideal person is
independent and self-reliant, and most people
think of themselves this way. People in the US do not
think of themselves as representatives of their families,
communities, or social class. Some international students
see this attitude as “selfish”. You can see examples of
individualism in the classrooms as well. Teachers expect
students to be independent, to work alone, and to
produce original work.
个人主义 Chinese
大多数美国人相信，理想的人独立自主、自力更生，而且多
数人都是这样看自己的。美国人不认为自己是其家庭、社团
Exercises 或社会阶级的代表。有些外国学生视此态度为“自私”。你
在教室里也能看到个人主义的典型。老师希望学生自立、独
立工作并有创新精神。
. 4&5
a
Par
• EQUALITY
• The Declaration of Independence states that “all
men are created equal”. In many ways people believe
this; you can see equality in such common practices
as “waiting in line”. When you go to the bank or the
post office, you will be asked to take a number and
wait.
平等 Chinese
《独立宣言》称：“人人生而平等。”很多情况下人们都相信
这一点。在平常的实践中，比如”排队”，你就能看到平等。
当你去银行或邮局时，就会有人叫你拿一个号码，然后等候。
Exercises
a ra. 5
P
•Regardless of how important or small your need is,
you will be treated like everyone else; first come, first
served. You can also see equality in the classroom.
All students are the same in the eyes of professors,
and many professors and senior members of the
faculty view students (particularly graduate students)
as their equals. Professors may ask students to call
them by their first names.
Chinese
不管你的需求多么重要或者多么渺小，还是会像对待他人一样对
待你：先到先招待。在教室里，你也能看到平等。在教授眼里，
所有的学生都一样，很多教授和教务官员，视学生（尤其是研究
Exercises 生）与其平等。教授们还可能让学生直呼自己的大名。
. 6&7
a
Par
• PUNCTUALITY
• Many people in the US are very punctual and
organize their activities around schedules. Being late is
rude. If you cannot be on time, tell the people who are
waiting for you. For business appointments, you should
arrive a few minutes early. For social appointments, you
are expected to arrive 5—10 minutes late after the
appointed time. It is not a good idea to arrive early for
social invitations.
准时 Chinese
很多美国人非常准时，按预定计划行事。迟到是不礼貌的。如
果你不能按时到，就告诉等待你的人。出席商务约会应该提前
Exercises 几分钟到达。去赴社交约会，人家会希望你比约定时间晚五至
十分钟到。出席社交邀请早到不是好主意。
a. 8&9
Par
• TOUCHING
• Touching people often makes them uncomfortable.
Men are especially nervous when touched by another man.
Women who are good friends may walk arm-in-arm, but
only rarely. People expect others to be at least an arm’s
length away from them. If you get closer than this,
people will retreat from you; they do not dislike you; you
are “in their space”.
触摸 Chinese
触摸常常叫人感到不自在。一个男人被另一个男人触摸尤其会感到
紧张。相互成了密友的女人可能手挽手地走路，但也只是偶尔为之。
Exercises 人们希望他人与自己至少有一臂之距。如果你越过这个限度，人家
就会后退。这不是说人家不喜欢你，而是你“进入了他人的地盘”。
• COMMON1
MISUNDERSTANDINGS
0& 1
a•. 1 Internationals often think that people in the US are not
Par
capable of deep conversation or thought. Many people are
able to think and talk deeply; they are just reluctant to do so
with strangers. People in the US often think that internationals
who speak rarely or quietly are too shy, too formal, or just
dumb. Arguing may alarm some people. They expect
violence or anger to follow such conflicts. Many people are
easily embarrassed by sex, religion, and politics, and many
assume that those who mention such topics are rude.
常见的误会 Chinese
外国学生常常认为美国人的交谈或思想无深度。其实很多美国人
Exercises 的思想和交谈有深度，他们只是不愿对陌生人这么做。美国人常
常认为，话不多或不做声的外国学生太怕羞，太拘谨，或者说简
直就是个“闷葫芦”。争吵可能令有些人吃惊。他们认为暴力或
愤怒会尾随这类冲突。听到性、宗教、政治方面的话题，很多人
容易感到尴尬，甚至可能认为提起这类话题的人很粗鲁。
2 & 13
a•ra. 1 SOCIAL GATHERINGS
P
• Social gatherings are quite informal in the US. Most people
do not use parties to display wealth or show taste. Parties are
opportunities for people to gather, chat, and relax.
Consequently, the host-guest relationship, which is quite formal in
many cultures, is very informal. Your host wants you to “
feel at home”. You may be greeted at the door with “
Make yourself at home”. This means you may have to serve
yourself. Many student parties are “BYOB” (bring your own
beverage). You will make enemies rapidly if you go to parties and
drink other people’s beverages. If a party is BYOB,Chinese
then you should
社交聚会
BYOB!
美国人的社交聚会不太拘泥礼节。多数人不会利用宴会来炫富或显示品味。
宴会是人们相聚、聊天和轻松的机会。因此，在很多国家拘谨的宾主关系在
Exercises 美国显得很随意。主人希望你“如在家般舒适自在”，你会在门口受到欢迎，
一声“请便”，意味着你可能得自己招待自己。很多学生的宴会是“自备饮
料”的。如果你参加这样的宴会喝别人的饮料，你很快就会遭受白眼。如果
宴会是“自备饮料”的，你就应该“自备饮料”。
Words & Expressions
individual behave
characteristic representative
senior appoint
misunderstanding formal
conflict display
relax greet
Exercises
Words & Expressions
get along
think of somebody/something
regardless of
in the eyes of
feel at home
make oneself at home

Exercises
individual
adj.
【 1 】个别的；单独的
e.g. They try hard to meet the needs of the individual
customer.
【 2 】独特的；个人特有的
e.g. She dresses in a highly individual way.
n. 特征；特色
Exercises e.g. The rights of the individual are perhaps the most
important rights in a free society.
behave v.
【 1 】表现
e.g. She’s been behaving rather oddly.
【 2 】举止端正
e.g. Will you children please behave?
Exercises
characteristic
n. 特征；特色
e.g. The UK shares many characteristics with other
European countries.
adj. 典型的；特有的
e.g. Each species of bird has its own characteristic
song.
Exercises
representative
n. 代表
e.g. I couldn’t be present myself, but I sent my
representative to the meeting.
adj. 典型的；有代表性的
e.g. Are your opinions representative of those of the
other students?
Exercises
senior
adj. 地位较高的
e.g. a meeting of senior government ministers
n. 较年长的；地位较高者
e.g. My older sister is ten years my senior.
Exercises
appoint v.
【 1 】约定；指定
e.g. the date appointed for the next meeting
【 2 】任命；委任
e.g. A committee was appointed to investigate these
complaints.
Exercises
misunderstanding n. 误会；误解
e.g. It was all a misunderstanding, but we’ve got it

sorted out now.
I think there’s been some misunderstanding: I

meant nine in the morning, not nine at night.
Exercises
formal adj.
【 1 】正式的；拘谨的
e.g. She has a very formal manner—she doesn’t seem
to be able to relax.
【 2 】正规的；公开的
e.g. Yet there has been no formal statement from the
minister.
Exercises
conflict
n. 冲突；争执
e.g. There is a growing conflict of interest between
her position as a politician and her business
activities.
v. （同…… ）冲突
e.g. There are conflicting views about what caused
the accident.
Exercises
display
v.
【 1 】显示；表现
e.g. She displayed no emotion on the witness stand.
【 2 】陈列；展览
e.g. shop windows displaying the latest fashions
n. 陈列；展览
e.g. They go on display here for two months
beginning August.
Exercises
relax v. 放松；（使）放松
e.g. Sit down and relax!
They spent the evening relaxing in front of the

television.
Exercises
greet v.
【 1 】欢迎；打招呼
e.g. She greeted us by shouting a friendly “Hello!”
【 2 】对 ······ 作出反应
e.g. His statement was greeted with cries of
astonishment.
Exercises
get along ( 和睦 ) 相处
e.g. The two children are getting along very well.

这两个小孩相处得很好。
Exercises
他是个好人，很容易相处。
He’s a nice guy—very easy to get along with.

Exercises
think of somebody/something as 视 ······ 为

e.g. He had, of course, long ago stopped thinking of himself as real.
他当然早就不认为自己真正存在了。
Exercises
regardless of 不顾；不管
e.g. All our proposals were rejected regardless of their merits.

我们所有的建议都被拒绝，不管这些建议有何优点。
Exercises
这条法律要求平等待人，不管其种族、宗教和性别如何。
The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race,

religion, or sex.
Exercises
in the eyes of 根据 ······ 的判断或见解

e.g. One press comment on this was that in the eyes of some it
was all too late.
就此，有报纸评论认为，在有些人眼里这一切都太晚
Exercises
在他父母看来，卡尔不会做错事的。
Carl could do no wrong in the eyes of his parents.

Exercises
feel at home 舒适自在；无拘束
e.g. But it is here, at this hospital, where he feels at home.

但是正是在这里，在这所医院里，他感到舒适自在。
Exercises
它使他感到更舒适自在。
It made him feel more at home.

Exercises
make oneself at home 随便，不要拘礼

e.g. Please make yourself at home.
别客气，随便些吧。
Exercises
老太太很友好，不停地说“别客气，随便些。”
The old lady was very friendly and kept saying “Make
yourself at home.”
Exercises
Exercises
Getting the Message

Reading
Through
Working with Expression
Cloze
Getting the Message

Choose the best answer to each of the following question.
1. According to the author, the US ______. D

A. has a long history
B. has several characteristics that other societies have
Reading
Through
in common
C. has a people who act almost in the same way
D. has a culture that is different in its own way
B
2. Students in the US are expected to ______.
A. work hard and be active
B. work on their own and produce original work
C. follow their teachers’ instructions in and out of class
D. think of themselves as representatives of students
Getting the Message

Choose the best answer to each of the following question.
3. All of the following are pieces of evidence for

A
equality except ________.
A. the importance of one’s need
Reading B. first come, first served
Through
C. The Declaration of Independence
D. calling professors by their first names
C
4. In the eyes of Americans internationals are _____
people.
A. stupid B. rude C. serious D. lovely
B
5. In the United States you are expected to ______.
A. arrive at the appointed time for all appointments
B. BYOB if you are going to attend a BYOB party
C. feel free to talk about anything with an American
D. touch the person to show your love

Fill in the blanks with the wrods below, changing the form
if nacessary. Fill in each blank with one word only.
formal characteristic dumb senior violence

retreat representative reluctant display conflict
Reading
Through
1. Neither side wants to resort to ________
violence
characteristics
2. All great leaders share certain _______________
which must be seen as the key to their success.
3. Various groups have been invited to send
________________
representatives but the meeting is also open to
anyone interested in the idea.
reluctant
4. In most cases people have been ____________ to
make formal complaints to the police.

Fill in the blanks with the wrods below, changing the form
if nacessary. Fill in each blank with one word only.
5. He is ________,
formal exact, and cold, so it’s not easy for
Reading
you to get along with him.
Through displayed remarkable
6. The new chairman has ___________
courage in his efforts to reform the party.
7. He stand at the burn-out car in _______
dumb disbelief.
8. Three years later many parents were alarmed to

conflict with the
find themselves in open ________
church.
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with

a suitable preposition or adverb.
• 1. Her major concern is how she will succeed in

making sure the people on the team get
Reading ________
along with one another.
Through
• 2. We never managed to get anything done,
simply because ______
of the large number of
people involved.
• 3. His books must sell, but he does not think of
himself _____
as an author.
• 4. If they are determined to hit back, they will do so
regardless _____
of what the law says.
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a

suitable preposition, adverb.
• 5. When she spoke to me, calling me _____by my

Reading first name, I never wanted to do anything to
Through
spoil the moment.
• 6. ______
In the eyes of most Westerners, the
Chinese culture and language are very complex.
• 7. I thought it important to make Michelle feel
_____
at home while she was staying with my
family.
• 8. I don’t know why we are still not retreating
______
from our influence on nature.
Complete the following passage by choosing the one that

best fits into the passage.
• Imagine yourself a young police 1. A. some

officer walking the streets of San Jose B. no
( 圣何塞，美国一城市 ), California, C. good
Reading 2. A. up
Through one night and getting an urgent call
B B. down
from a person who speaks 1)___
A to the location. C. close
English. You pull 2)___
3. A. interpreter
You have no 3)____ C what is awaiting
B. one
you. It’s dark. In the shadows you see
C. idea
a man at the doorstep. He is waving 4. A. talking
his arms violently ( 猛烈地 ), 4)___ B
B. screaming
words you do not understand. Is he C. protesting
the victim of a crime? Or, has he just
Complete the following passage by choosing the one

that best fits into the passage.
• committed a 5)________?
A You have no 5. A. crime
idea! You shout for him to place his B. murder
hands on his head and turn C. suicide
Reading 6)________.
C He just keeps screaming. 6. A. in
Through You shout again. “Hands on your B. out
head!” Nothing... He doesn’t C. around
understand a word you’re saying. What 7. A. go
do you do? B. come
• What you’ve just read happens C. turn
every night in every major city in the
US. As, in this case, things can
C
7)______ out alright (= all right). The
man’s young son was having
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a

suitable preposition, adverb.
• problems breathing. 8)____A the

policeman’s help the child quickly 8. A. With
Reading got to the hospital and was taken B. In spite of
Through
care of. After that incident, the C. Lacking
B
young San Jose police officer 9)____ 9. A. worked at
Language Line Services with his B. launched
instructor friend at Monterey’s C. mentioned
Defense Language Institute, which 10. A. more
had the vision and goals to
B. break
• help 10)_____
C the language barrier C. bridge
( 障碍 ) between all people.
Thank you!
NEW HORIZON ENGLISH COURSES Book Three

Unit 5

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Unit 5

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Unit 5

NEW HORIZON ENGLISH COURSES Book Three

• Cultures and families have different naming customs.

•People believe a suitable name can serve as an outline for

People believe something.

a suitable name can serve as an outline for a child’s future

a suitable name can help to determine something.

Exercises if the child will be a famous painter or a piano player, a

Warming- Naming Customs

Customs are not the only things that restrict the

In Germany, too, the government has the

Warming- Words & Expressions

He drew the outline of the house on the paper in

Exercises less than 10 minutes.

e.g. The landlord kept raising the rent, so I had

e.g. Remember that cousin of yours in Paris?

n. [C; U] a place where people live in tents or huts,

We pitched our camp near the mountaintop.

The hunters camped near the river where

【 2 】 a long narrow flat piece of wood, plastic,

He acted on behalf of the ruler who was very ill at

It is useful to lay a ruler alongside the cloth being

e.g. The government is determined to follow

e.g. army personnel 军队人员

The company’s main problem is the shortage of

【 2 】 fail to do something by mistake or on purpo

In writing this report I have omitted all unnecessary

He omitted to tell me that he hadn’t left, so I locked

n. 【 U 】 damage or wrong 损害；危害

There was a fire in our street, but no one was

His film was a complete failure, and this did his

He pointed out that such usage had a long

e.g. What a ridiculous suggestion!

The fat old man looked ridiculous in his tight pink

Warming- serve as 当作；作为

Pigeons can serve as a means of communication.

This chemical element is named after its inventor.

2. 2001 年，英国有 100 多个男婴和女婴以布鲁克林（大卫和

e.g. My father did not approve of my marriage to Mary.

The plan must be approved of by the general

e.g. If the dispute gets any worse, the government will

I don’t like the cold weather in this country,

Working with Expressions

Using Topic-related Terms

Basic Writing Skills

Using the Right Word

1. Crowds __B the narrow sidewalks and overflowed

Using the Right Word

5. When we went to the coast we stayed in a

Warming- Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences

1. Being quite well-educated and experienced, he

Fill in each of the blanks in the following

from going on with his

Focusing on Sentence Structure

3. I came to this class. I hoped that I could learn something

I came to this class in the hope(s) that I could learn something

3. Listening to classical music benefits one significantly. It helps

1. 生活并不总是像美丽的童话，你得承认这点。 (live with)

2. All the boys in one generation of a family, the brothers and

3. Finally, some people name their children after famous rulers

Using Topic-related Terms

Text A cultures have different naming

Text A get caught up in 被陷入，卷入

Customs and Culture Tips