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I. VOCABULARY (3 points)
Complete these sentences with the words in the boxes.

symbolize (verb) symbol (noun) symbolic (adjective)

1. He is a ________
symbolic of freedom for his people.
2. The wedding ring has a ________
symbolic meaning. Do you know what it is?
charm (verb) charm (noun) charming (adjective)

3. He knows how to ________

charm ladies.
4. That's a ________
charming house!
faithful (adjective) faithfulness (noun) faithfully (adverb)

5. John has been a ________

faithful friend for 20 years.
6. Mr. Sims worked for the company----------------------------
faithfully all his life.

II. Reading(14 points)

I n the beginning, people didn't have last names or family names; they just had
a first name. We do not know when the custom of giving last names started.
Different areas and cultures started to use them at different times. But even today,
there are still places, such as Iceland, where people do not usually use last names.
In English-speaking countries, most last names were connected to people's
occupations, personal characteristics, and where they lived. Many last names
are occupations. For example, John the smith, which means "one who works with
 metal," became John Smith. Smith, by the way, is the most common last name in
the English-speaking world. Many other occupations, such as cook, baker, carpenter,
singer, and miller are last names too. This is also true of German names. The name
Muller, for example, is German for miller, meaning "a person who crushes grain for
bread." Other people took the names of a place or a landmark near their homes.
Roger, who lives near the rivers, would become Roger Rivers. Other landmarks
became last names such as Woods, Hill, Stone, Field, and Lane. People's personal
characteristics also turned into names. Last names such as Small, Long, Strong,
Moody, and Wild all come from people's characteristics. 1

3 Many last names end in son. A long time ago, if a person's name was John and
his father's name was Albert, people would call him John, Albert's son. As time
passed, people shortened the name to John Albertson. Last names of this type
include Johnson, Peterson, Robertson, and Davidson. In Scotland and Ireland, the
word Mac or its abbreviation Mc, is the word for son. For example, the last name
MacDonald would be "the son of Donald."
4 In the West, it is the custom to put your family name last. But in some Asian
countries like China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, the family name comes first,
so your name is Smith John and not John Smith. In Spain and Spanish-speaking
countries, most people have two family names, although in some situations they
use only the first one. The first family name is the father's family name, and the
second family name is the mother's family name. For example, in the name Marco
Perez Martinez, Perez is the father's family name and Martinez is the mother's
family name.
s In English-speaking countries like Australia, Canada, England, and the United
States, as well as some countries like Vietnam in Southeast Asia, many people have
middle names. The reason for a middle name may be to honor a relative. It may be
the name of the grandfather or grandmother, or one's parents may have liked this
name for their child as well as the first name. Most people abbreviate their middle
name and just write the initial. Some people like their middle name more than
their first name. If this is the case, they abbreviate their first name with an initial
and use their middle name, or they may not use their first name at all. For example,
James Paul McCartney uses his middle name and last name, Paul McCartney.
6 People can, of course, change their names, but they have to complete a lot
of paperwork. There are some rules for this; for example, you can't change
your name to a famous person's name or a trademark. One man, however­
who was named Winfred Holley and had a white beard-changed his name
to Santa Claus. Another man from Hawaii had one of the longest last names,
Kikahiolanikonoikaouiaulani, and complained that he spent half his life spelling his
name. He did not change it, however.
A. LOOKING FOR MAIN IDEAS(6 points)
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. In early times, last names __ .
a. were not common
b. took the place of first names
c. came from people's jobs and lives
d. were mostly about people's characteristics
2. Customs of naming are __ _
a. not the same, even within a country
b. different around the world
c. similar around the globe
d. similar in Asian countries and Spanish-speaking countries
3. In places where there are middle names, people __ _
a. always use their middle name to honor relatives
b. usually use their middle name instead of their first name
c. have parents who could not decide on a first name
d. have different reasons and uses for their middle name

B. LOOKING FOR DETAILS(8 points)

One piece of information in each sentence is not correct. Rewrite the sentence with the
correct information.
1. Today, Icelanders usually do not use first names.

2. Miller is the most common name in English-speaking countries.

3. In Scotland, the word mac means father.

4. In Spanish-speaking countries, people put their mother's family name first.

III. Grammar(5 points)

Decide if the following statements are Facts (F) or Opinions (0).

1. Biotechnology is one of the best ways to solve the problem of world hunger.
2. Biotechnology helps keep our environment clean.
3. In 1992, an American company changed the genes in cotton plants.
4. Today, scientists grow microbes that can break up oil.

IV. Writing( 7 points)

Choose one of the topics below for your paragraph.

1. The advantages of biotechnology for our food

2. The disadvantages of biotechnology for our food
3. The advantages of biotechnology for animals
4. The disadvantages of biotechnology for animals