Les8e PPT Study 07 04

Elementary Statistics
Eighth Edition
Chapter 7
Hypothesis
Testing with One
Sample
Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Slide - 1
Chapter Outline
7.1 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
7.2 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean  Known 
7.3 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean  Unknown 
7.4 Hypothesis Testing for Proportions
7.5 Hypothesis Testing for Variance and Standard
Deviation
Section 7.4 Hypothesis Testing for
Proportions
Section 7.4 Objectives
1. How to use the z-test to test a population proportion p
z-Test for a Population Proportion
z-Test for a Population Proportion
• A statistical test for a population proportion.
• Can be used when a binomial distribution is given
such that np  5 and nq  5.
• The test statistic is the sample proportion pˆ .
• The standardized test statistic is z.
pˆ   pˆ pˆ  p
z 
 pˆ pq n
Using a z-Test for a Proportion p (1 of 2)
In Words In Symbols
1. Verify that the sampling
distribution of p̂ can be
p hat
np  5 and nq  5
np greater than or equals to 5 and nq greater than equals to 5
approximated by the normal

distribution.
2. State the claim mathematically State H and H . H sub-zero and H sub-a.
0 a
and verbally. Identify the null and
alternative hypotheses.
3. Specify the level of significance. Identify
.
alpha
4. Determine the critical value(s). Use Table 4 in App. B.
Using a z-Test for a Proportion p (2 of 2)
In Words In Symbols
5. Determine the rejection region(s). Blank
6. Find the standardized test statistic pˆ  p

and sketch the sampling distribution. z z equals fraction numerator p hat minus p divided by denominator square root of pq divided by n end root end fraction
pq n
7. Make a decision to reject or fail to If z is in the rejection
reject the null hypothesis. region, reject H 0 . H sub-zero
Otherwise, fail to reject

H sub-zero
H0.
Blank
8. Interpret the decision in the

context of the original claim.
Example: Hypothesis Test for a
Proportion (1 of 3)
A researcher claims that less than 69% of U.S. adults who
use live television streaming platforms have upgraded to
advertisement-free service tiers. In a random sample of
100 U.S. adults who use live television streaming
platforms, 65% say they have upgraded to advertisement-
free service tiers. At   001, is there enough evidence
to support the researcher’s claim? (Adapted from The
Harris Poll)
Solution:
The products np  100  0.69   69 and nq  100  0.31  31
are both greater than 5. So, you can use a z-test.
Solution: Hypothesis Test for a
Proportion (1 of 3)
The claim is “less than 69% of U.S. adults who use live
television streaming platforms have upgraded to
advertisement-free service tiers.” So, the null and
alternative hypotheses are
H 0 : p  0.69 and H a : p  0.69. (Claim)
Because the test is a left-tailed test and the level of
significance is   0.01, the critical value is z0  2.33
and the rejection region is z  
Proportion (2 of 3)
The standardized test statistic is
pˆ  p 065  069
z  Assume p  069.
pq n 069 0 100
 086.
The figure shows the location
of the rejection region and the
standardized test statistic z.
Because z is not in the
rejection region, you fail to
reject the null hypothesis.
1% Level of Significance
Proportion (3 of 3)
There is not enough evidence at the 1% level of
significance to support the claim that less than 69% of
U.S. adults who use live television streaming platforms
have upgraded to advertisement-free service tiers.
Sample Proportion
Recall that when the sample proportion is not given, you
can find it using the formula
x
pˆ  Sample proportion
n
where x is the number of successes in the sample and n is
the sample size.
Proportion (2 of 3)
A researcher claims that 26% of U.S. adults ages 22 to 59
who do not have a parent with a bachelor’s degree have
completed a bachelor’s degree themselves. In a random
sample of 7400 adults ages 22 to 59 who do not have a
parent with a bachelor’s degree, 1984 say they have
completed a bachelor’s degree themselves. At   010,
is there enough evidence to support the researcher’s claim?
(Adapted from Pew Research Center)
Proportion (3 of 3)
Solution:
The products np  7400  0.26   1924 and
nq  7400  0.74   5476 are both greater than 5. So,
you can use a z-test.
Solution: Hypothesis Test for
Proportions (1 of 3)
The claim is “26% of U.S. adults ages 22 to 59 who do not
have a parent with a bachelor’s degree have completed a
bachelor’s degree themselves.” So, the null and alternative
hypotheses are
H 0  p  026 (Claim) and H a  p  026.
Because the test is a two-tailed test and the level of
significance is    the critical values are  z0  
and z0  1645. The rejection regions are z  1645 and
z  1645.
Because the number of successes is x = 1161 and
n = 2202, the sample proportion is
x 1984
pˆ    0268.
n 7400
The standardized test statistic is
pˆ  p 0268  
z   1
pq n    7400
The figure shows the
location of the rejection
regions and the
standardized test
statistic z. Because z is
not in the rejection
region, you fail to reject
the null hypothesis. 10% Level of Significance
There is not enough evidence at the 10% level of

significance to reject the claim that 26% of U.S. adults ages
22 to 59 who do not have a parent with a bachelor’s degree
have completed a bachelor’s degree themselves.
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Elementary Statistics

approximated by the normal

4. Determine the critical value(s). Use Table 4 in App. B.

6. Find the standardized test statistic pˆ  p

Otherwise, fail to reject

8. Interpret the decision in the

There is not enough evidence at the 10% level of

This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is

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