Perú

Yadira Huaroto, Miguel Muñoz, Cielo Perez

 JUNGLE
COAST

HIGHLANDS
 “Sierra” Region Potato Crop (Papa)
-Great diversity of species and genotypes
-Varieties: Perricholi, Yungay, Canchán,Tomasa
Condemayta…
Low yield, of about 7-8 t/ha due to poor conditions and
damage caused by pathogens.
Strenghts:
Traditional crop with high capacity of market expansion.
The use of new technologies in Peru can widen the offer of
fresh potatoes throughout the year.
High genetic variability allows for differentiated products
depending on the market and also the expansion of new
varieties into the international market.
Several different pathogens are present in this region:
-Virus, Insects, Bacteria, Fungi, Nematodes

http://www.agrobanco.com.pe/data/uploads/ctecnica/032-f-papa.pdf

https://www.psi.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/biblioteca_exposiciones_Papa_En_EL_Peru.pdf
“Sierra” Region Potato Crop (Papa)

Potato Chist Nematodes

A)Synchytrium endobioticum B)(Spongospora subterranea

Andes´ Weevil and damage caused

https://www.agrobanco.com.pe/data/uploads/ctecnica/032-d-papa.pdf
Common Scab(Roña) Streptomyces scabies
https://repositorio.inia.gob.pe/bitstream/20.500.12955/1146/1/MANUAL%20T%C3%89CNICO%20-%20MANEJO%20INTEGRADO%20DEL%20CULTIVO%20DE%20PAPA.pdf
“Selva” Region Banana Crop (Platano)
It is a crop that is characterized for being a valuable
food alternative and an important generator of
economic income. In the first five months of 2022
(January-May) our country exported 74,415,144
kilos of bananas.

Almost all of the bananas exported by Peru are

organic, representing around 3% of the world's
organic banana production.

There are 5 most consumed varieties of Peruvian

banana

In plantain and banana producing areas there are

phytosanitary problems caused by pests or
diseases, whose incidence and degree of affectation
depend on environmental conditions and crop
management.
 “Selva” Region banana Crop (Platano)
DISEASES
. SIGATOKA NEGRA - Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet Moko o madurabiche - Ralstonia solanacearum E. F.

PESTS
MAL DE PANAMA - Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. BANANA BORING CATERPILLAR
Rhynchophorus palmarum
Quinoa: A Journey
Through Peru's
Superfood
History of Quinoa in Peru
Quinoa has been a staple food in the
Andean region of South America for over
5,000 years. The ancient Incas considered
it sacred and referred to it as the 'mother
grain.' It was an important crop in their diet
and used in religious ceremonies. In
modern-day Peru, quinoa is still widely
consumed and is an essential part of the
country's cuisine.

It is grown in the highlands of the Andes

mountains and is a source of income for
many small-scale farmers.
Cultural Significance of Quinoa
Quinoa is more than just a food in Peru, it is deeply
rooted in the country's culture and traditions. It is often
used in traditional dishes such as 'quinoa soup' and
'quinoa salad.' It is also used in celebrations and
festivals, such as the 'Day of the Dead' and 'Inti
Raymi,' which is the Incan festival of the sun.

Quinoa is also significant because it played a role in

the survival of the Incan civilization. Its ability to grow
in harsh conditions made it an important food source
for the Incas, who were able to sustain their population
during times of drought and famine.
Quinoa Farming in Peru
Quinoa farming in Peru is typically done on small-scale
family farms. It is often grown using traditional methods
that have been passed down through generations. The
crop is planted in the dry season and harvested in the
rainy season.

The rise in demand for quinoa in recent years has led to

some challenges for small-scale farmers, such as
increased competition and rising prices for land and
resources. However, efforts are being made to promote
sustainable quinoa farming practices and support small-
scale farmers.
 Quinoa Under Attack: A Look into
the Pests and Diseases
Threatening Our Superfood

Quinoa is a nutritious grain that has gained popularity in recent years due to its health
benefits. However, like all crops, quinoa is susceptible to pests and diseases that can
significantly reduce its yield and quality.
Aphids
Aphids are small insects that suck sap from the leaves
and stems of quinoa plants. They reproduce quickly
and can cause significant damage to the crop if left
untreated.
Symptoms of aphid infestation include distorted
leaves, stunted growth, and the presence of
honeydew (a sticky substance) on the leaves.
Management strategies include using insecticides,
introducing natural predators such as ladybugs, and
planting resistant varieties.
Figure 1. Aphis gossypii adults and nymphs in quinoa panicle
Fusarium wilt
Fusarium wilt is a fungal disease that affects the
roots of quinoa plants. It causes wilting, yellowing,
and eventual death of the plant. The fungus can
survive in the soil for many years, making it difficult
to manage.
Management strategies include planting resistant
varieties, practicing crop rotation, and avoiding
planting quinoa in areas with a history of Fusarium
wilt. Fungicides may also be used, but they are not
always effective.
Figure 2.Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)
Cutworms
Cutworms are caterpillars that feed on the
stems of young quinoa plants. They can cause
significant damage to the crop by cutting off the
stem at ground level, killing the plant.
Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the
leaves of quinoa plants. It causes a white powdery
coating on the surface of the leaves and can reduce
yield and quality.

Symptoms of cutworm infestation include Management strategies

missing or cut off plants, chewed stems, and include planting resistant
droppings (frass) near the base of the plant. varieties, practicing good
Management strategies include using sanitation (removing
insecticides, introducing natural predators such infected leaves), and
as parasitic wasps, and planting resistant using fungicides if
varieties. necessary. Proper
irrigation and ventilation
can also help prevent
powdery mildew.
F4.Foliage showing attack of Peronospora in quinoa

F3. Noctuid larva damaging quinoa foliage.

 Conclusion
Peru is the world's largest exporter of quinoa, accounting for over 80% of global production. Quinoa
is exported to countries all over the world, including the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia.

The future of quinoa in Peru is uncertain. While demand for the crop continues to grow, there are
concerns about the environmental impact of quinoa farming and the need to support small-scale
farmers.

Efforts are being made to promote sustainable quinoa farming practices and ensure that small-
scale farmers have access to the resources they need to succeed. The hope is that quinoa will
continue to be an important part of Peru's culture and cuisine for generations to come.

Pests and diseases can significantly impact the yield and quality of quinoa crops. However, with
proper management strategies, farmers can minimize their losses and produce healthy, high-quality
quinoa.

It is important for farmers to monitor their crops regularly for signs of pests and diseases and take
action promptly to prevent further damage.